Oran tramway

Original network (1899-1951) As a historical and modern centre for trade and industry, Oran was the only city outside of the capital Algiers to build electric trams during the French colonial era. Concessions for a tramway in Oran were first awarded in 1897, with the network being declared a public utility in June 1898. The first tram line entered service on the 3rd of February 1899. Operated by the (TEO), the tram network reached a total length of around 50 kilometres at its peak in the 1900s. With a track gauge of 1055 mm, a total of nine city lines and one interurban line were built, all of which radiated from the Place d'Armes (now the Place 1er Novembre) in the city centre outwards. However, the trams would be short-lived, and by 1939 some of the city lines had already been replaced by trolleybuses. The tramway would be built as a turnkey project, with Alstom supplying the tram vehicles and the signalling and telecommunications equipment, as well as the depot equipment, and construction of the substations, while Isolux Corsan would carry out the civil engineering works, the laying of track, and construction of the overhead power supply. Commissioning of the tramway was originally meant to take place 26 months after construction began, Despite the delays encountered during construction, work on the line continued and in 2011, the first of the 30 Alstom Citadis 302 tram vehicles ordered was delivered. Test running on the tramway began on February 20, 2012, when the first run was conducted over a length of 100 metres. Testing continued throughout 2012, and by the end of the year, test trams were running between the eastern terminus at Sidi Maarouf to the Place 1er Novembre. Non-commercial operation on the entire tramway line, from Sidi Maarouf to Es Senia, began on March 2, 2013. The tramway was officially inaugurated on May 1, 2013, with public revenue services starting the next day. == System ==

Route and infrastructure The tramway network comprises a single line of of track and 32 stations. The line runs on an east-west alignment from its eastern terminus at Gare Routière Sidi Maarouf station west to the Place 1er Novembre (1st November Square) in Oran's city centre, before turning south and running to Es Senia, where it terminates. The route connects the city centre with two of Oran's universities, as well as the main railway station and the city's eastern and southern suburbs, largely following the route of the original tram network, with the entire section south of Place 1er Novembre running on the alignment formerly occupied by the original tramway. The line runs at-grade for most of its route, and is entirely on its own reserved right-of-way separate from other vehicle traffic, although it has several level crossings for road vehicles. There are also some short bridges on the line over main roads and roundabouts to facilitate grade separation on the line. Between the Emir Abdelkader and Place Mokrani stops within Oran's city centre, there is a single-track loop which allows westbound trams arriving from Sidi Maarouf to turn around at Place 1er Novembre and return to the east. Although the loop is not used regularly, it may be in service during disruptions or used by peak-hour trams. The main tram depot is located at the eastern end of the line in Sidi Maarouf, however there are also extra sidings at the Es Senia terminus where several trams are stored as well. As with all other Algerian tram systems, the line runs on standard-gauge (1435 mm) tracks, with electric power being supplied by a 750 V DC overhead wire. Stations The stations are listed from the southeastern suburbs to the northwestern suburbs: == Rolling stock ==

The tramway fleet consists of 51 5-section Alstom Citadis 302 trams, although this total is further divided into two separate orders. The first series of 30 Citadis 302 trams were ordered as part of the contract for the tramway's construction in 2007 and are each 32.5 metres in length. The second series of 21 Citadis 302 trams were built in anticipation for the future lines and extensions that would be added to the tram network. They are mechanically and visually similar to the first series, however they differ in their place of manufacture: instead of being built by Alstom, the trams of the second series were assembled locally in Annaba, Algeria by the joint-venture. The first tram was delivered on February 10, 2016, however seven of the 21 trams built have not yet been delivered, as they are only required for the new lines. == Planned lines and extensions ==

, there are four extensions that are planned, but on hold: • USTO Bifurcation/Bd Pepinière - Bir El Djir (8.3 km) • USTO Bifurcation/Bd Pepinière - Bir El Djir via Belgaid (8.0 km) • Gare Routière Hattab - Haï Ben Arba (8.6 km) • Es Senia Terminus - Ahmed Ben Bella International Airport (4.6 km). Plans for these extensions have existed since the tramway opened in 2013, and switches and tracks for the lines starting at USTO Bifrucation/Blvd Pepinière have been installed, however all lines currently remain on hold, with no planned date for the start of construction. ==Operation==

The Oran Tramway is operated by Algeria's Société d'exploitation des tramways (SETRAM), a joint venture between the French state-owned RATP Dev (a subsidiary of the RATP Group), Entreprise de transport urbain et suburbain d'Alger (ETUSA), and Entreprise Métro d'Alger (EMA), of which RATP Dev is a 49% shareholder, and mainly responsible for operating the Oran Tramway, as well as other trams in Algeria. Since March 2023, when RATP Dev sold its shares in the company to the Algerian Ministry of Transport, SETRAM has been a fully state-owned company. == See also ==