For over 80 years the main carrier of
Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company mining residue, and the local sewage. It is estimated that of
tailings were disposed of into the Queen River. This in turn flowed into the lower part of the
King River, and then into a delta at the mouth of the river where it met
Macquarie Harbour. This '
acid mine drainage' is derived from water leaching through the exposed and oxidised sulfide rocks. When it was in operation, the fumes from the ore smelter produced acid rain which also leached minerals from the bare Queenstown hills. Following the
Mount Lyell Remediation and Research and Demonstration Program with the construction of tailings dams, and general reduction of waste into this river, the river flow is now rusty in colour rather than silvery grey as it was previously. In 1992 the King River was dammed above the confluence with the Queen River to generate hydroelectric power at the
Crotty Dam. This changed the flow regime in the King River, and affected the way tailings were transported through the river system. The tailings in the river greatly affect the water quality. Since the closure of the mine in late 1995, and the construction of a tailings dam by the new operators, tailings no longer enter the river system. However, acid water continues to enter the river due to mine dewatering and run-off from the waste rock dumps. Without the buffering previously provided by the alkaline tailings, the acidity in the Queen and King rivers has increased, and dissolved metal concentrations have greatly increased-to levels completely inhospitable to life. The river passes under and adjacent to the revitalised railway now known as the
West Coast Wilderness Railway. South of Queenstown on the edge of the river is the early settlement of
Lynchford where a gold mine and other mining activity supported a small community in the early days of the railway. In October 2018,
TasDance dancers performed in the river, as part of
The Unconformity festival, to create awareness of the effects mining pollution has on river systems. The performance was entitled "Junjeiri Bullun, Gurul Gaureima" (which translates to "Shallow Water, Deep Stories") and depicted native animals moving through the water while also exploring local indigenous history. ==See also==