Early years: 1970–1972 Many of the original members were veterans of the famous
Star Band, whose alumni later included the
Étoile de Dakar,
El Hadji Faye and
Youssou N’Dour. Star Band were the resident band of the upscale
Dakar Miami Club. When the Baobab Club opened in Dakar in 1970, six musicians, led by saxophonist
Baro N'Diaye, were lured from Star Band and the Orchestra Baobab was born. The club, in turn, is named for the baobab tree (
Adansonia). The original frontmen of the band were the
Casamance singers
Balla Sidibé and
Rudy Gomis, who came from the melting pot of Casamance musical styles, and most famously
Laye M'Boup, who provided vocals in the
Wolof griot style. His
Wolof language lyrics and his soaring, nasal voice defined the sound of Baobab's early hits.
Togolese guitarist and arranger
Barthélémy Attisso was a law student in Dakar, and a self-taught musician, whose arpeggiated runs became instantly recognizable. With the saxophone of Baro N'Diaye, this was the first core of the band. After touring
Cameroon in 1971, N'Diaye was replaced by tenor saxophonist
Issa Cissoko, who became leader of the band, and was joined by clarinettist Peter Udo. Both Cissoko and drummer
Mountaga Koité were from
Maninka griot families, from
Mali and eastern Senegal, respectively. The group's lineup was rounded out by the slow groove Latin styles of
Latfi Benjeloum (rhythm guitar), who came from a
Moroccan family exiled to
Saint-Louis, Senegal, and
Charlie N'Diaye (bass) from Casamance. The group's first recordings were released as
Orchestre Saf Mounadem on a split album with
Orchestre Laye Thiam, another band of ex-Star Band musicians. Attisso is credited as musical director, and singers Balla Sidibé and Medoune Diallo (who had stayed with the Star Band a bit longer than the others), along with Issa Cissoko are also credited on the cover. Like most of the recordings by Star Band, the album was produced by Ibrahim Kassé, and was later reissued in France under the title
Star Band de Dakar Vol. 7. Their first two albums under the name Orchestra Baobab, were recorded at the Baobab Club between 1970 and 1972, and self-produced by the band. Both bear the title
Orchestre du Baobab.
Rise to fame: 1973–1978 The band continued to tour throughout Africa, popularising their combination of
Afro-Cuban music and Senegalese traditions. Unlike other bands from the country, they combined the
Casamance harmonies and drumming from southern Senegal with melodies from
Togo and
Morocco to the
Wolof tradition from northern Senegal. Traditional Wolof singing was provided by Laye M´Boup until his death in June 1975. He was replaced by
Ndiouga Dieng, who stayed with the band until his own death in 2016. In 1974, an 18-year old singer joined the band on recommendation of M'Boup himself:
Thione Seck, who later achieved great success as a solo artist when he left the band in 1979. His younger brother
Mapenda Seck also provided vocals occasionally after the death of M'Boup. Most of the Spanish-language hits by the band were sung by Medoune Diallo, whose mother tongue was
Fula. With the independent Dakar-based label Buur Records, run by the owners of the Baobab Club, the group released five albums between 1975 and 1976:
Bawobab 75,
Guy Gu Rey Gi,
Senegaal Sunugaal,
Visage du Senegaal and
Adduna jarul naawo. They recorded two albums, released by Musicafrique:
Ndeleng Ndeleng and
Une nuit au Jandeer.
Club closure and new recordings: 1979–1982 By the end of the 1970s, the band concluded its residency at the Baobab Club, which closed its doors in 1979. At this point, they were Senegal's biggest band, "commanding fees of about $4,500 for a single show." In 1982, they recorded enough material for several cassettes (
Vol. 1: Senegambie,
Vol. 2: Ngalam), as well as an LP,
Ken dow werente. Among the songs recorded for these sessions was "Utru horas", which was included in the various artists compilation
Panorama du Senegal.
Decline and disbandment: 1983–1987 As the 1980s progressed, competition from
mbalax, a new funk-inspired genre spearheaded by
Youssou N'Dour's Super Étoile de Dakar, overwhelmed Orchestra Baobab. Although bandleader Balla Sidibé tried to make some changes in the mid-1980s by including two female singers in their lineup and getting Rudy Gomis back as lead singer, their popularity had been significantly reduced. Their 1986 cassette releases did not have the impact of previous albums and in 1987 the band effectively broke up.
European reissues: 1989–1999 By the end of the 1980s,
world music had become one of the newest trends in the European and American music industry, with albums such as
Paul Simon's
Graceland selling millions of copies. This prompted specialized music labels to seek African recordings and reissue them on CD. One of such labels,
World Circuit, run from London by Nick Gold, released Orchestra Baobab's 1982 sessions in 1989 under the title ''Pirate's Choice'', a reference to the many bootleg releases of such songs. In 1992, World Circuit reissued the 1978 Paris sessions on one CD, and in 1993
Stern's Music, another London-based world music label, released
Bamba, a compilation of the band's 1981 albums. In 1998, the band's debut album, along with several bonus tracks recorded between 1970 and 1971, were released in the Netherlands as ''N'Wolof
. In 1999, the German label Popular African Music released Roots and Fruit'', a compilation of the band's 1970s recordings.
Reunion: 2001–present Specialist in All Styles , London, in October 2017. Left to right: Balla Sidibé (timbales), Abdoulaye Cissoko (kora), Issa Cissoko (tenor saxophone), Thierno Koité (alto saxophone). Following the widespread critical acclaim received by the band's European releases, World Circuit persuaded the group to reform in 2001. Most of the original line up reunited to play London's
Barbican Centre in May 2001. Afterwards, the band re-recorded many of their classic songs in state-of-the-art studios in London (Livingston Studios), Paris (Studio Davout) and Dakar (Studio Xippi). The resulting album,
Specialist in All Styles, was released in 2002. It was produced by
Youssou N'Dour and featured a guest appearance by Cuban singer
Ibrahim Ferrer alongside N'Dour himself. Ferrer had been retired for decades before the 1996 recording of the
Buena Vista Social Club album, organised and produced by Nick Gold. The release of the album was accompanied by a world tour, which included performances on TV such as their appearance on
Later... with Jools Holland in October 2002. Orchestra Baobab gained attention from American media in 2003 when musicians
Trey Anastasio and
Dave Matthews filmed a documentary named
Trey and Dave go to Africa which aired on
VH1. The two visited Senegal and performed with Orchestra Baobab during the program. They performed again together on the
Late Show with David Letterman in May 2004. In July 2005, Orchestra Baobab performed at
Live 8 in
Johannesburg, a series of concerts to raise awareness and funds to end
poverty.
Made in Dakar In October 2007, Orchestra Baobab released the album
Made in Dakar on World Circuit to critical acclaim. The album contains new recordings of some of their classic songs such as "Pape Ndiaye" and "Nijaay". In May 2009, Syllart released
La Belle Époque, a compilation of the band's 1970s recordings, including several previously unreleased songs. The package included a biography by
Radio France Internationale journalist
Pierre René-Worms, focusing on the early years before the group split. CD 1 comprises recordings made at Club Baobab, Dakar, in 1971, 1973 and 1976, while CD 2 includes their 1978 Paris sessions. A second volume was released in 2011, featuring recordings made between 1973 and 1976.
Tribute to Ndiouga Dieng Ten years on from their previous release, after the retirement of Attisso, the departure of Benjeloun and the death of Ndiouga Dieng in November 2016, Orchestra Baobab continue to tour and record new material. Dieng was replaced by his son, Alpha Dieng. Under Balla Sidibé's leadership, they released
Tribute to Ndiouga Dieng on 31 March 2017. The album features Beninese guitarist René Sowatche as Attisso's replacement and, for the first time, the band incorporates a
kora player, Abdoulaye Cissoko. There are also appearances of ex-member
Thione Seck and popular singer
Cheikh Lô. The album release was accompanied by a world tour with concerts in played in the UK, France and Norway. As the band approached its 50th anniversary, its key members died: Issa Cissoko died in March 2019 at the age of 72, while Balla Sidibé died in July 2020, aged 78. Despite the loss of both of its leaders, Orchestra Baobab decided to continue, with longtime saxophonist Thierno Koité as its new director. Former lead singer Thione Seck (aged 66) and former guitarist Barthélémy Attisso (aged 76) both died in 2021. Rudy Gomis suffered from severe
meningitis in October 2016 and went into a coma. He fully recovered in 2020, but died at the age of 75 in April 2022. ==Awards==