Unlike
Major League Baseball (MLB)
spring training, where teams congregate at locations in either Arizona or Florida (primarily for weather reasons), NFL teams are able to hold their respective training camps all over the United States. An increasing number of clubs hold camp at their year-round headquarters/practice facilities; as many as 26 in 2025, compared to only five in 2000. Most teams have abandoned remote locations, like the
Cheese League in Minnesota and Wisconsin, to "come home" for training camp, largely for practicality reasons. Many clubs have recently constructed state-of-the-art headquarters/practice facilities, replete with amenities (multiple practice fields, indoor practice fields, weightlifting & training rooms, meeting rooms, lecture halls, film study rooms, offices, cafeteria, medical & rehabilitation facilities, IT infrastructure, media/press conference room, equipment rooms, laundry services, etc.) that cannot be provided or matched at other distant locations (colleges, parks, etc.). Most, if not all, of these newer team headquarters were designed with hosting training camp in mind. As such, they are able to accommodate the expanded training camp roster sizes. Some even feature permanent bleachers for spectators. In addition, the cost of temporarily relocating and accommodating the entire organization to another location is substantial. The attitudes about how to run training camp have also evolved, leading more teams to stay home. Furthermore, restrictions dictated by the league’s collective bargaining agreement (CBA)
CBA (along with the
players association) limit contact and prohibit such things as
two-a-days, which effectively reduce on-field activity during camp. With OTAs,
minicamps, and conditioning during the off season, players remain in top physical shape year-round. The focus of training camp is no longer getting players back in shape, but more of fostering camaraderie, filling a (usually) small number of vacant roster spots, and delving immediately into game preparation. For example, the Lions' camp was long held at
Saginaw Valley State College, the Broncos trained at the
University of Northern Colorado, the Patriots at
Bryant University in
Smithfield, Rhode Island, and Washington moved in from
Dickinson College, the former site of
Carlisle Indian School. Tampa Bay used to train at the
University of Tampa, then at the
ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex before moving permanently back to their headquarters. Similarly, after many years on the road, the
Jets (
SUNY Cortland) and the
Giants (
Albany) both recently moved back to team headquarters. A handful of teams still use somewhat distant locations at the fringes of their markets to promote their team. For instance, the
Buffalo Bills moved their training camp from
SUNY Fredonia to
Saint John Fisher College in suburban
Rochester; as a team representing one of the smallest cities in the NFL, the holding of training camp in the nearby city of Rochester allows the Bills to lay claim to a larger portion of
upstate New York, thus taking advantage of a market closer in size to other teams in the NFL (similar rationale was used for the
Bills' games in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, prior to 2014). The Dallas Cowboys have historically hosted their training camp in locales very distant from their home market, even before they were given the moniker "
America's Team" in the late 1970s. The Cowboys have held their training camp at the River Ridge Playing Fields in
Oxnard, California, located in Ventura County, off and on since 2004. Despite the
Rams returning to Southern California and the Cowboys constructing a
considerable multipurpose facility in
Frisco, Texas, whose main lure is being the team's practice facility, the Cowboys continue to hold the early part of their training camp in Oxnard annually. The
Las Vegas Raiders, despite moving from
Oakland, California, to Las Vegas in 2020 kept their training camp at the Napa Valley Marriott and Redwood Middle School in
Napa, California, which they have used for training camp since 1996. The site allows the team to keep a connection to
Northern California and the
Bay Area fan base. Another difference between spring training and training camp is that true intra-squad games do not take place (anymore), though informal scrimmages are very common. Split-squad games never happen in the NFL. Fairly commonly, two teams hold a short joint camp and scrimmage at a neutral site in addition to their main camp. ==References==