The Orkney Library and Archive was founded in 1683 with a bequest of 150 books from
William Baikie. The collection was kept at the local manse before being transferred to
St Magnus Cathedral. In 1740 the collection was moved to the Old Tollboth. In 1815 a number of subscribers to the collection founded The Orkney Library. The library was a subscription-only service until 1890 when a donation from
Andrew Carnegie allowed the library to adopt the 1850
Public Libraries Act. A further donation was made by Carnegie in 1903 for a dedicated building. The Carnegie Library on Laing Street was opened by Carnegie himself in 1909. It is no longer used as a library, but it is protected as a listed building. The current library building on Junction Road, Kirkwall opened in August 2003. In 2026 Orkney Library and Archive was chosen by Poet Laureate
Simon Armitage as one of the venues for his annual library tour which in that year visited libraries in places with initials N-P. == Archive ==