Osmanthus

Osmanthus range in size from shrubs to medium-sized trees, tall. The leaves are opposite, evergreen, and simple, with an entire, serrated or coarsely toothed margin. The flowers are produced in spring, summer or autumn, each flower being about 1 cm long, white, with a four-lobed tubular-based corolla ('petals'). The flowers grow in small panicles, and in several species have a strong fragrance. The fruit is a small (10–15 mm), hard-skinned dark blue to purple drupe containing a single seed. ==Etymology==

The generic name Osmanthus is composed of two parts: the Greek words osma meaning smell or fragrance, and anthos meaning flower. ==Species==

26 species are accepted. Chengiodendron, and Notelaea. • Cartrema americana (as O. americanus (L.) A.Gray) – Devilwood – southeastern US from Texas to Virginia; eastern and southern Mexico • Cartrema floridana (as O. floridanus Chapm.) - Florida • Cartrema scortechinii (as O. scortechinii King & Gamble) – Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia • Cartrema sumatrana (as O. sumatranus ) – Sumatra • Chengiodendron marginatum (as O. marginatus (Champ. ex Benth.) Hemsl.) – Nansei Islands, Taiwan, Vietnam, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang • Chengiodendron matsumuranum (as O. matsumuranus Hayata) – Assam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang • Chengiodendron minor (as O. minor P.S.Green) – Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang • Notelaea austrocaledonica (as O. austrocaledonicus (Vieill.) Knobl.) – New Caledonia • Notelaea cymosa (as O. cymosus (Guillaumin) P.S.Green) – New Caledonia • Notelaea monticola (as O. monticola (Schltr.) Knobl.) – New Caledonia ==Cultivation==

Osmanthus are popular shrubs in parks and gardens throughout the warm temperate zone. Several hybrids and cultivars have been developed. Osmanthus flower on old wood and produce more flowers if unpruned. A pruned shrub often produces few or no flowers for one to five or more years, before the new growth matures sufficiently to start flowering. In Japan, Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus (fragrant orange-colored olive) (kin-mokusei) is a favorite garden shrub. Its small deep golden flowers appear in short-stalked clusters in late autumn. It has an intense sweet fragrance. A variant with white flowers (gin-mokusei) is also popular. ==Uses==

The flowers of O. fragrans are used throughout East Asia for their scent and flavour, which is likened to apricot and peach. In China, osmanthus tea combines sweet osmanthus flowers with black or green tea leaves. In Liuzhou, it is used to flavor a locally brewed beer. Sweet osmanthus and osmanthus tea are particularly associated with the city of Guilin whose name translates to "Forest of Sweet Osmanthus". Chinese osmanthus dishes also include a steamed bread made from blended rice and wheat flour and chestnuts boiled with dried osmanthus flowers. Osmanthus wine is prepared by infusing whole Osmanthus fragrans flowers in huangjiu or other types of rice wine and is traditionally consumed during the Mid-Autumn Festival. PepsiCo manufactures osmanthus flavored Pepsi for the Chinese domestic market. Similarly, the White Rabbit candy company also manufactures Osmanthus flavoured White Rabbit milk candies which cater to Hong Kong and the Chinese domestic market. == References ==