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Osteoglossiformes

Osteoglossiformes, meaning "bony tongues" in Ancient Greek, is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the Osteoglossoidei and the Notopteroidei. All of at least 245 living species inhabit freshwater. They are found in South America, Africa, Australia and southern Asia, having first evolved in Gondwana before that continent broke up. In 2008, several new species of marine osteoglossiforms were described from the Danish Eocene Fur Formation, dramatically increasing the diversity of this group. This implies that the Osteoglossomorpha is not a primary freshwater fish group with the osteoglossiforms having a typical Gondwana distribution.

Phylogeny
Phylogeny based on the following works: }} ==Families==
Families
''Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes'' does not recognise suborders within the order Osteoglossiformes and recognises the following families: • Family Pantodontidae Peters, 1876 (freshwater butterfly fishes) • Family Osteoglossidae Bonaparte, 1845 (bonytongues) • Family Arapaimidae Bonaparte, 1846 (arapaimas) • Family Notopteridae Bleeker, 1851 (featherfin knifefishes or featherbacks) • Subfamily Notopterinae Bleeker, 1851 (Asiatic featherbacks) • Subfamily Xenomystinae Greenwood, 1963 (African knifefishes) • Family Mormyridae Bonaparte, 1831 (elephantfishes) • Family Gymnarchidae Bleeker, 1859 (abas) ==References==
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