Head and neck surgery • Head and neck surgical oncology (field of surgery treating cancer/malignancy of the head and neck) • Head and neck mucosal malignancy (cancer of the pink lining of the upper aerodigestive tract) •
Oral cancer (cancer of lips, gums, tongue, hard palate, cheek, floor of mouth) • Oropharyngeal cancer (cancer of the oropharynx, soft palate, tonsil, base of tongue) • Larynx cancer (voice box cancer) • Hypopharynx cancer (lower throat cancer) • Sinonasal cancer • Nasopharyngeal cancer •
Skin cancer of the head & neck •
Thyroid cancer •
Salivary gland cancer • Head and neck sarcoma • Endocrine surgery of the head and neck • Thyroid surgery • Parathyroid surgery •
Microvascular free flap reconstructive surgery • Skull base surgery
Otology and neurotology Study of diseases of the outer ear, middle ear and mastoid, and inner ear, and surrounding structures (such as the facial nerve and lateral skull base) • Outer ear diseases •
Otitis externa – •
outer ear or
ear canal inflammation • Exostoses or
Surfer's ear are bony growths in the outer ear canal • Middle ear and mastoid diseases •
Otitis media –
middle ear inflammation • Perforated
eardrum (hole in the eardrum due to infection, trauma, explosion, or loud noise) •
Mastoiditis • Inner ear diseases •
BPPV – benign paroxysmal positional
vertigo •
Labyrinthitis/
Vestibular neuronitis •
Ménière's disease/
Endolymphatic hydrops •
Perilymphatic fistula •
Acoustic neuroma, vestibular schwannoma • Facial nerve disease • Idiopathic facial palsy (Bell's Palsy) • Facial nerve tumors •
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome • Symptoms • Hearing loss • Tinnitus (subjective noise in the ear) • Aural fullness (sense of fullness in the ear) • Otalgia (pain referring to the ear) • Otorrhea (fluid draining from the ear) • Vertigo • Imbalance
Rhinology Rhinology includes nasal dysfunction and sinus diseases. •
Nasal obstruction • Inferior turbinate hypertrophy •
Nasal septum deviation • Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps •
Sinusitis – acute, chronic • Environmental
allergies •
Rhinitis •
Pituitary tumor •
Empty nose syndrome • Severe or recurrent
epistaxis Pediatric otorhinolaryngology •
Adenoidectomy •
Caustic ingestion • Cricotracheal resection •
Decannulation •
Laryngomalacia •
Laryngotracheal reconstruction •
Myringotomy and tubes •
Obstructive sleep apnea – pediatric •
Tonsillectomy Laryngology •
Dysphonia/hoarseness •
Laryngitis •
Reinke's edema •
Vocal cord nodules and
polyps •
Spasmodic dysphonia •
Tracheostomy •
Cancer of the larynx •
Vocology – science and practice of voice habilitation •
Muteness and
selective muteness Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is a one-year fellowship open to otorhinolaryngologists who wish to begin learning the aesthetic and reconstructive surgical principles of the head, face, and neck pioneered by the specialty of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. •
Rhinoplasty and
septoplasty •
Facelift (rhytidectomy) •
Browlift •
Blepharoplasty •
Otoplasty •
Genioplasty • Injectable cosmetic treatments •
Trauma to the face •
Nasal bone fracture •
Mandible fracture •
Orbital fracture • Frontal
sinus fracture • Complex lacerations and soft tissue damage • Skin cancer (e.g.
Basal Cell Carcinoma)
Sleep surgery Sleep surgery encompasses any surgery that alleviates obstructive sleep apnea and can anatomically include any part of the upper airway. •
Nasal cavity /
nasopharynx •
Septoplasty •
Adenoidectomy (especially in
pediatrics) •
Oral cavity /
oropharynx •
Tonsillectomy (especially in
pediatrics) •
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty • Transoral midline
glossectomy •
Genioglossus advancement • Other •
Hyoid suspension •
Maxillomandibular advancement •
Hypoglossal nerve stimulation Microvascular reconstruction repair Microvascular reconstruction repairs are commonly performed on patients consulting an otorhinolaryngologist. It is a surgical procedure that involves moving a composite piece of tissue from the patient's body to the head and/or neck. Microvascular head-and-neck reconstruction is used to treat head-and-neck cancers, including those of the larynx and pharynx, oral cavity, salivary glands, jaws, calvarium, sinuses, tongue, and skin. The tissue most commonly moved during this procedure is from the arms, legs, and back, and can come from the skin, bone, fat, and/or muscle. When performing this procedure, the reconstructive needs determine which is moved. Transfer of the tissue to the head and neck allows surgeons to rebuild the patient's jaw, optimize tongue function, and reconstruct the throat. When pieces of tissue are moved, they require their own blood supply to survive in their new location. After the surgery is completed, the blood vessels that feed the tissue transplant are reconnected to new blood vessels in the neck. These blood vessels are typically no more than 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter, which means that these connections need to be made with a microscope, which is why the procedure is called "microvascular surgery". ==See also==