Otto Lipmann was born in
Breslau on March 6, 1880. His parents were Emo Lipmann and Hulda Wendrina. In 1904, he received his Ph.D. from the
University of Breslau. Over the years, Lipmann contributed to several fields of
psychology, especially industrial psychology, with the development of the first selection tests for aviators in
Germany, and also for typesetters, industrial apprentices, telegraphists and academic workers, amongst others. He also introduced the principles of vocational guidance in that country, and was the first psychologist to employ statistics in his works, which include "Psychische Geschlechtsunterschiede", "Wirtschaftspsychologie und psychologische Berufsberatung", "Die psychologische Analyse der höheren Berufe" and "Grundriss der Arbeitswissenschaft und Ergebnisse der arbeitswissenschaftlichen Statistik". In 1906, along with psychologist
William Stern, Lipmann founded the Institute for Applied Psychology in
Berlin, and in 1908, the Journal of Applied Psychology ("Zeitschrift für angewandte Psychologie"). In 1920, along with , he founded the Institute of Professional and Business Psychology, which was in charge of the development of psychological tests of professional skills and vocational guidance. The same year he published the book
Psychologie und Schule. As a consequence of the rise of the
National Socialist party in
Germany, on 1 October 1933, Lipmann was discharged as an editor of the Journal of Applied Psychology. That same year he was forced to turn down a job offer from the
University of Berlin, an opportunity he had considered due to his declining finances. and Emily Marta (born on 6 July 1907). On October 7, 1933, Lipmann died of an unexpected heart failure. In 1937, his daughter Emily emigrated from
Germany, and so did his wife one year later. Gertrude died in
Alexandria,
Egypt, in December 1941. Emily married Vladimir Kaplun and they had three daughters, Katherine, Helen and Irene. == Science of Work ==