Groundwater Source: • Aquifer characterization :* Flow direction ::*
Piezometer - groundwater pressure and, by inference, groundwater depth (see:
aquifer test) ::* Conductivity, storativity, transmisivity ::* Geophysical methods • Vadose zone characterization • Infiltration •
Infiltrometer - infiltration • Soil moisture •
Capacitance probe-
soil moisture •
Time domain reflectometer -
soil moisture •
Tensiometer -
soil moisture • Solute sampling • Geophysical methods
Surface water Source: :* Water budget method ::* Basin water balance – ::*
Evaporation pan – ::*
Lysimetry – ::*
Soil moisture depletion – :* Water vapor transfer method ::*
Bowen ratio – considers the energy budget ::*
Eddy covariance – :* Component analysis ::*
Porometry/
Sap flow – ::*
Interception loss – ::*
Soil evaporation – :* Large-scale ::*
Scintillometer – ::*
Remote sensing estimates – ::*
LIDAR –
Soil/porous media Source: • Bulk density & porosity :*
Oven dried sample – • Matric potential :*
Suction plate – determines relationship between the water volume and
matric potential :*
Resistance thermometer – relates to matric potential from previous calibration • Hydraulic conductivity :*
Disc permeameter – measures soil hydraulic conductivity :*
Rainfall simulator – measures output through the application of constant input ("rain") in a sealed area :*
Slug test – addition or removal of water and monitors the time until return to predisturbance level •
Piezometer – • Soil moisture content (water volume percentage) :*
Frequency domain sensor – :*
Time domain reflectometer – :*
Neutron probe –
Water quality Source: • Conductivity :*
Electrical conductivity – variety of probes used • pH :*
pH meter – • Dissolved oxygen (DO) :*
Winkler test – • Turbidity :*
Nephelometer (Turbidimeter) – • Water clarity :*
Secchi disk – • Bed load • Erosion/deposition ==Modeling==