Influences from multiple dialect groups can be seen in the inflection.
Nouns Much leveling occurs here.
Masculine nouns Masculine nouns ending in -o are common: tatusio, tatulo, stryjo, wujo, Jaśko, Stacho, Jantko, ksyncio. The genitive singular is formed with -a more often than in standard Polish: druga, but -u can be seen instead of -a sometimes z boru, miodu, sadu, z bólu; via analogy and leveling to neuter -e nouns, the genitive singular of some soft-stem masculine nouns is sometimes formed with -o: Poznanio, Bochynio||do Bochynia, ze Zgierzo. The dative singular is formed with either -ewi or -owi, depending on region (and not on the softness of the stem, despite the historical use of these endings depending on that); most of the region uses -ewi, but the northern part of the old
gmina of
Jeziorko, Łowicz County, i.e. the villages of Świeryż, Marianka, Złaków Borowy, Łaźniki, Gągolin Południowy, and Sromów use -owi as the result of influence of neighboring dialects of
Sochaczew; the ending -ewi often changes to -eji in the east except in villages closer to Łowicz or towns: chłopokeji; however the distribution of this phonetic change is very uneven- similarly the ending -owi is often realized as -oji: synoji, wujoji; in the parish of Kocierzew, contamination between -oji and -u occurred and the ending -oju is used: wojoju, chłopoju; overall -owi/-ewi is more common in the dative over -u. The instrumental singular is formed with -ym. The locative singular is formed with -u or -e, but their distribution for a few words differ: w boru; as a result of Masuration, -e can occur where -u usually is via analogy to constructions such as na wozie, na nosie: w krzyzie, na krzyzie, w kapalusie, po świyntym Mateusie, na kosie. The nominative plural is usually formed with either -e: Miymce, ôjce or -y(-i): braty, rôbotniki, Rosyjany; Masuration also affects this: kalosy (standard kalosze); the endings -i (-y) and -owie are rarer: panowie, chłopcy; the words brat and ksiądz have kept an old plural bracio, księzo next to braty, ksiyndze; -a can be seen in grónta, bieleta (bilety). The genitive plural is generally formed with -ów: braci next to bratów, księzy next to księzów; zająców, mulorzów, łokciów, móndralów; Rosyjanów, but ludzi, piyniyndzy, kóni; some place names retain -∅: z Mastek, Retek, Łoźnik, ze Skurotek, do Zdón, Strugiynic, Werznojic, Dumaniejic, Małsyc, Grudz, do Łyśkojic; but also do Lipców, drzewców, Trabów, Sapów, Pulków||Pułek, Retków; roz (raz) sometimes takes -∅: do trzecich roz. The dative plural is formed with -um. The instrumental plural is formed with -amy. The locative plural is formed with -ach. The word rok does not show suppletion: rôki, rôków. Masculine nouns ending in -a, e.g. ôrganista including surnames Niedziela etc., decline according to feminine declension.
Neuter nouns Three types of neuter nouns exist: I zyto, pole, II (from -é, realized as -e here) śniodanie, poście (standard post), and III wymie (as -nt- nouns are rare and replaced with -ok: cielok). Type I and III form the genitive singular with -a: ôkna, zyta, słuńca, but type II forms it witih -o: zbozo, kozanio, śniodanio; sometimes type -o is used in the other types due to mizing: słuńco, serco - this process is strengthened by its spread to masculine nouns (see above). The dative singular is usually formed with -u, but sometimes -oji, -eji can be seen: masłoji, zyteji. The instrumental singular is formed with -ym. The locative singular is formed with -u or -e: w sercu. The nominative-accusative-vocative plural is formed with -a: zyta, jabka, ôkna; the forms bidła, wijadła also exceptionally show bidły, wijadły, but the dual forms ôcy, ûsy remain in use. The genitive plural is formed with -∅: pól, kozań, śniodań, cielónt, rymión, but -ów can be seen: jabków, futrów, nazwisków; ôców, ûsów. The dative plural is formed with -um. The instrumental plural is formed with -amy, but -y can be seen in przede świynty, przede zniwy next to przed świyntamy, przed zniwamy. The locative plural is formed with -ach.
Feminine nouns Some consonantal stems become vocalic: mysa (mysz), struzo (stróż). Hard stems take -a in the nominative singular and -ija/-yja nouns and most soft-stem nouns take -o: kobieta, burzo, groblo||grobla, famielijo||famielia||famielija. The dative singular takes -y, -i: kobiety, matki. The dative-locative singular takes -e or -i/-y; Masuration causes some old soft stems to take hard-stem -e, e.g. w ruzie (w róży), kasie (kaszy). The accusative singular is formed with -e (denasalization of -ę) or -óm ( o is absent in the first person singular and third person plural: niese, wieze, plete, wiede, piere, biere; niesóm||niesą||nieso. Many labial stem verbs, which generally belong to conjungation III in standard Polish, instead belong here: grzebe, skube, sype; rómbe, złume, but grzebióm, skubióm; the presence of a hard labial in the first person singular (grzebe) is to differentiate it from the third person singular, which would sound identical after the denasalization of final -ę; this hardening can occur in other verbs as well. In the past tense, vocalic alternation occurs: niós - nieśli: niesła, niesło, niesły; this occurs secondarily via leveling in some other verbs. Velar stems form the imperative sometimes with -c: zaprzónc||zaprzęgni, pómóc||pómóz; in forms like piec, słuc, it is difficult to say it this is c *słem), sliźwa, śliśta, etc.
Conjugation II The imperative is formed with -i, -icie: ciśni - ciśnicie, rzni - rznicie, cióngni - ciągnicie; rwi - rwicie, zajrzy - zajrzycie. The masculine past tense -ął levels to -eł: nioseł, wiozeł or in Skierniewice county to -ył/-ił/-uł. Verbs ending in -nąć often do not have -ną-, -nę- in declensions: pragła (pragnęła). The passive adjectival participle is formed with -ty: wycióngniynty, porzniynty, zadrapniynty.
Conjugation III Type a forms include: zyje, zyjes, zyje, zyjecie, zyjóm; imperative zyj, zyjcie, zyjta; past tense zeł, zeła, zeli, zeły; passive adjectival participle przezyty. The imperative of -ać verbs is formed with -ej, -ejmy, -ejta, -ejcie except in the southeast, where it is -oj, -ojcie, -ojta, -ojmy. The verbs mleć, pleć undergo much reshaping, including present miele, mielóm, piele, pielóm, which gives pielić, pieleł, pieleła, zmieleł; piel; pieli, zemlis. The infinitive may also be mlić, pl ić, which give pleła, pleł, mleł; pleły||mluł, pluł; zemlułym; pleli; plóm. The most common past tense forms are piuł, zmiuł:piełła, zmiełła; the gerund is always pielynie, mielynie. Type b forms include: pise, pises, pise, pisewa, piseta, pisecie, pisóm; pisoł, pisała; napisane. The verbs grzoć, dzioć, śmioć się, wioć, loć underwent contraction of *-eja- > o (via á), but underwent levelling to -m verbs and show ablaut: loł - lała, grzoł - grzała, sioł - siała; past tense leli, grzeli, śmieli, sieli. Type c forms include: pasuje, pasujes, pasuje, pasujewa, pasujóḿ/pasują/pasujo, pasuj, pasujta, pasujcie; pasować. Type d forms include: cytóm, cytos, cyto, cytajóm/cytają/cytajo; cytej||cytoj; cytoł, cytała; cytać.
Conjugation IV Group I forms include: chodze, chodzis, chodzi, chodziwa, chodzóm/chodzą/chodzo; imperative chodzi-no; past tense forms always take -eł, -eła, -eło, -eli, -eły due to sound changes; men of Sierakowice, Bełchów, Stachlew, Bobrowa sometimes use -uł; in Skierniewice County rarely use -eł, next to -ył||-uł; -u- always occurs in places where ł is realized as /w/; in open syllables one also sees -eła||-yła. Group II forms include: muse, musis, musi, musiwa, musimy, musóm/musą/muso; musioł, musiała, musieli, musiały; musić; this also includes świecić - świecoł, świecała, przykrzyć - przykrzało; chropić - chrapioł.
Conjugation V Present tense forms of być include: jezdym, jezdeś, je||jest, jezdeźwa, jezdeśta, jezdeście, sóm/są/so; the form je occurs utterance finally; sentence medially both je and jest occur but je dominates: do Łyskojic je noblizy||pani jez dobro; jez miynkcejsy. Future tense forms include bede, bedzies, bedzie, bedóm/bedą/bedo, but also byne - bynóm in some villages. The past tense is like the typical compound past: jo zym beł||jo bełym; in Skierniewice County the form buł dominates. The verb jeść geminates the initial j in the present tense and imperative: jjym, jjes, jje, jjewa, jjeta||jedzóm/jedzą/jedzo; jjedz; past tense jod, jadła, jedli, jadly. Forms of wiedzić (standard wiedzieć) include wiym, wies, wie, wiewa||wiymy, wiecie, wiedzóm, wiedzioł, wiedziała, wiedzieli. Forms of dać include dóm, dos, do, dowa, dota, docie, dadzóm/dadzą/dadzo; imperative dej, dejcie (everywhere); doł, dała, dali, dały; passive adjective participle dany.
Prepositions and prefixes Mobile e occurs more often in the prefixes/prepositions w(e)(-), z(e)(-), przed(e)(-), nad(e)(-), and bez(e)(-) than in standard Polish: we we młynie, ze lném/lnym, przede zniwy, nade drogóm, beze drzwi, and w is always realized as we when the next word begins with w-: we wozie; similarly z is realized as ze when the next word begins with a sibilant: ze sobóm, ze siostróm, zesadzić. ==Vocabulary==