Pallava architecture was sub-divided into two phases: the rock cut phase and the structural phase. The rock cut phase lasted from the 610 AD to 668 AD and consisted of two groups of monuments, the Mahendra group and the Mamalla group. The Mahendra group is the name given to monuments constructed during the reign of
Mahendravarman I (610 AD- 630 AD). The monuments of this group are invariably pillared halls hewn out of mountain faces. These pillared halls or mandapas follow the prototype of Jain temples of the period. The best examples of Mahendra group of monuments are the
cave temples at Mandagapattu,
Pallavaram and
Mamandur. The second group of rock cut monuments belongs to the Mamalla group from 630 to 668 AD. During this period free-standing monolithic shrines called
rathas (chariots) were constructed alongside pillared halls. Some of the best examples of this style are the Pancha Rathas and
Arjuna's Penance at Mahabalipuram. The second phase of Pallava architecture is the structural phase when free-standing shrines were constructed with stone and mortar brought in for the purpose. Monuments of this phase are of two groups—the Rajasimha group (690 to 800 AD) and the Nandivarman group (800 to 900 AD). The Rajasimha group encompasses the early structural temples of the Pallavas when a lot of experimentation was carried out. The best examples of this period are the
Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram and the
Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple at Kanchipuram both constructed by
Narasimhavarman II who was known as Rajasimha. The best example of the Nandivarman group of monuments is the
Vaikunta Perumal Temple at Kanchipuram. During this period, Pallava architecture attained full maturity and provided the models upon which the massive Brihadeeswarar Temple of the Cholas at Thanjavur and Gangaikonda Cholapuram and various other architectural works of note were constructed. ==Gallery==