Sukarno era As ideology unique to Indonesia, efforts to preserve, educate, and develop of Pancasila have been carried out since the 1950s. Pancasila has included in basic education system since 1950 thru issuance of Law No. 4/1950. However, in 1959, attempts for Pancasila preservation started to become skewed in practice and used as political tool for gaining the support for ruling regime. During
Sukarno administration, Pancasila preservation was hampered due to Sukarno 1959 political manifesto (originally his address during the 1959
Indonesian Independence Day parade), which introduced
Manipol USDEK, short for Sukarno's interpretation of
Constitution of 1945, Indonesian
Socialism (a non-Russian variant of
National Bolshevism),
guided democracy, guided economy, and Indonesia nationalism. This manifesto resulted in Pancasila mixed together with leftist ideologies and being used as tool for perpetuation of Sukarno administration. After the
Manipol USDEK ideology was enshrined thru Provisional People's Consultative Assembly Resolution No. I/MPRS/1960, the resolution required the population to follow Sukarno's interpretation of Pancasila according to him and rejected any alternative interpretation. As a tool for its development, the
Supreme Advisory Council (Indonesian:
Dewan Pertimbangan Agung, DPA) was used to socialize and promote
Manipol USDEK as the defacto national principle. By mandate of
People's Consultative Assembly Resolution No. II/MPR/1978, Suharto formalized the creation of the Guidelines for the Appreciation and Practice of Pancasila (Indonesian:
Pedoman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila, P-4 or
Ekaprasetia Pancakarsa) as a national policy. On 26 March 1979, thru Presidential Decree No. 10/1979, the Agency for Development, Education, Implementation of Guidelines for the Appreciation and Practice of Pancasila (
Badan Pembinaan Pendidikan Pelaksanaan Pedoman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila, BP-7) was founded by Suharto administration to further develop Pancasila as the official national ideology. With no longer have agency dedicated to preserve it, Pancasila no longer protected and threatened.
Reformation and new agency In his 1999 address to the People's Consultative Assembly, President
B. J. Habibie stated that the old BP-7 needed to be abolished because of its autocratic treatment of Pancasila and its links to the long era of the New Order, and thus stated that a replacement was necessary, not just for it, but for the 1978 interpretation of Pancasila in order to update it to the situations of modern Indonesian society, human rights and the newly restored democracy. 18 years after dissolution of BP-7,
Joko Widodo, in a belated fulfillment of Habibie's promise, issued Presidential Decree No. 54/2017, establishing the Presidential Unit of Pancasila Ideology Development (Indonesia:
Unit Kerja Presiden Pembinaan Ideologi Pancasila, UKP-PIP). UKP-PIP later elevated to BPIP by issuance of Presidential Decree No. 7/2018. The current agency, as its basis, provides the duty of the development, practice and application of Pancasila per the provisions of Resolution 1/PCA/2003 on the Application of Pancasila by the People's Consultative Assembly - the current official state interpretation of the dogma of Pancasila, formulated to apply lessons learned from the
reformasi era of pro-democracy movements of the 90s that led to the end of the New Order. == Organizational structure ==