Papilio menatius

Papilio menatius is a large butterfly with a wingspan of about . The uppersides of the wings are black with yellowish bands and yellowish submarginal lines of spots. The subspecies P. m. menatius present in Guyana is black with white spots at the center of the forewings. On the hindwings there are a submarginal row of red lines and a line of spots partly red and partly white. Subspecies P. m. victorinus is treated as a species by some authors. The larvae of P. m. victorinus feed on Persea americana. Adults feed on flower nectar of various plants, including Lantana and Impatiens species. ==Taxonomy==

Papilio menatius is in the subgenus Pterourus Scopoli, 1777 which also includes the species groups: troilus species group, glaucus species group, the zagreus species group and the scamander species group. Papilio menatius is a member of the homerus species group. The members of this clade are: • Papilio cacicus Lucas, 1852 • Papilio euterpinus Salvin & Godman, 1868 • Papilio garamas (Geyer, [1829]) • Papilio homerus Fabricius, 1793 • Papilio menatius (Hübner, [1819]) • Papilio warscewiczii Hopffer, 1865 and the enigmatic Papilio judicael known only from a handful of specimens and either a valid species from the Andean region, or a hybrid P. menatius × P. warscewiczii. Subspecies The following subspecies of Papilio menatius are recognised: • P. m. menatius (Surinam, French Guiana) • P. m. cleotas Gray, 1832 (Brazil (Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro) to Argentina) • P. m. coelebs Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 (Peru) • P. m. coroebus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 (Colombia, Venezuela) • P. m. ctesiades Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 (Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, São Paulo)) • P. m. eurotas C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862 (Ecuador, Peru) • P. m. laetitia Butler, 1872 (Costa Rica, Panama) • P. m. lemoulti Rousseau-Decelle, 1933 (Venezuela) • P. m. lenaeus Doubleday, 1846 (Bolivia, Peru) • P. m. morelius Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 (western Mexico) • P. m. syndemis (Tyler, Brown & Wilson, 1994) (Colombia) • P. m. victorinus Doubleday, 1844 (eastern Mexico to Nicaragua) - victorine swallowtail • P. m. vulneratus Butler, 1872 (Costa Rica) ==Distribution==

This species can be found in southern North America and in most of South America (Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Suriname, Guyana, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil and Peru). ==Gallery==

File:Papilio menatius ssp. morelius.jpg|Papilio menatius ssp. morelius File:Papilio menatius ssp. victorinus.jpg|Papilio menatius ssp. victorinus ==References==