Paradise parrot

The plumage was extraordinarily colourful, even by parrot standards, a mixture of turquoise, aqua, scarlet, black and brown. The tail was almost the same length as the body, unusual for a bird that, although a rapid flyer, spent almost all of its time on the ground. ==Taxonomy==

The description of the species was first published by John Gould in 1845. Gould used the description supplied to him by the field worker John Gilbert, and was suspected to have copied the field notes of Gilbert from a letter that became lost. A letter from Gilbert (May 1844) describing this parrot was forwarded to Edward Smith-Stanley (Lord Stanley, Earl of Derby), apparently to entice the enthusiast into purchase of specimens in Gould's possession. A copy of the Gilbert letter, written out by Stanley, that emerged from an archive in Liverpool in 1985 showed a correlation in the wording. Two specimens, thought to be from the type series used in the first description, were supplied to Stanley and these are held at the Liverpool Museum. The type specimen resides at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Gilbert's diary records his first encounter with the parrot at the Condamine River, where he also obtained specimens. He later met the species at the Comet River to the north, while journeying with the second expedition led by Leichhardt, and made his last recorded sighting in June 1845 at Mitchell River, shortly before he was killed. The species is allied to genus Psephotellus of the parrot family Psittaculidae, published by Gregory Mathews in 1913, and is the type for that description. A study using genome analysis of museum specimens concluded the closest living species is Psephotellus chrysopterygius, the alwal or golden-shouldered parrot of north eastern Australia. ==Ecology==

The species was observed in pairs or small family groups, making their nests in hollowed-out termite mounds, and feeding, so far as is known, almost exclusively on grass seeds. Some observers state that termitariums were occupied by the same breeding pair in successive years. Less certain is confirmation of holes at riverbanks being tunnelled out by this species. A recorded range of one pair over a month was restricted to an area of two hectares. A series of searches turned up a few more individuals over the next decade, but the last confirmed sighting was on 14 September 1927. The Atlas of Australian birds (RAOU, 1984) noted it was not reported in the field during the survey (Field Atlas, 1977–1981). The historical reports are commonly from an area in the southeast of Queensland, showing a rapid decline after the 1880s. The species had occurred at the Duaringa district until 1902. An attempt to solicit reports from the public in 1918, after a dearth of observations, indicated the presence at several locations. Confirmed sightings were made 1926–27 at widely separated locations of the known range, at Casino, New South Wales (November 1926), and near Ipswich (1927) and Burnett River (November 1927). Unconfirmed reports from the north of the recorded range may be complicated by misidentified observations of the rare golden-shouldered parrot (Psephotellus chrysopterygius). The early report of occurrence at Mitchell River (Queensland) in 1848 is regarded as reliable, and historical records of local occurrences near Coen and Archer River in the 1920s noted as possible. ==Gallery==

(ill.) Fawcett (engr.) in Green & Dutton, Parrots in Captivity, vol 2. 1884 File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.110072 - Psephotus pulcherrimus (Gould, 1845) - Paradise Parrot - specimen - video.webm|Video of rotating bird skin specimen. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, acquisition of 1862 File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.110113 - Psephotus pulcherrimus (Gould, 1845) - Paradise Parrot - specimen - video.webm|Video of bird skeleton video. Naturalis, acquisition of 1890 File:Psephotus pulcherrimus by nest.jpg|Two individuals by a nest, 1922 File:Psephotus pulcherrimus nest.jpg|Nest, 1922 File:Plate facing page 646 of Campell Nests and eggs of Australian birds.png|"Ant hillock, showing nest of the beautiful parrakeet, from a photo by D. Le Souef" File:ParadiseParrotDiorama.jpg|Specimen at the Australian Museum ==References==