Paterinides had
organo-
phosphatic shells which were ventribiconvex (both
valves convex, the ventral valve moreso) and strophic (with a straight hinge line). Shell ornamentation usually consists of concentric fila (fine ridges) and tiny pits. The tiny larval shell has a smooth outer halo and strongly ornamented inner portion.
Hinge structures When seen from behind, each valve appears triangular, with a system of superimposed plates and furrows along the hinge. Each valve has a broad triangular depression edging the hinge, known as a pseudointerarea. The middle of each pseudointerarea hosts a narrower excavation or furrow, known as a notothyrium (in the dorsal valve) or a delthyrium (in the ventral valve). Finally, these furrows may be partially covered by a convex plate-like overgrowth, known as a homeochilidium (in the dorsal valve) or a homeodeltidium (in the ventral valve). The furrow-and-plate pairing creates closed pockets near the hinge, where the pedicle presumably emerged.
Soft tissue The
musculature of paterinides seemingly relied on a small number of broad muscles within the shell. There are a pair of large triangular muscle scars near the hinge of the ventral valve, conjoining under the homeodeltidium. There are two pairs of scars in the dorsal valve, one pair set medially (at the center of the shell) and the other set posterolaterally (further back and outwards). These major scars likely correspond to
adductor muscles, which close the shell. A subtle pit was present at the tip of the homeochilidium, possibly hosting diductor muscles, which open the shell. Diductor muscles are otherwise only found in
articulate brachiopods. The network of
mantle canals usually had a saccate form, emphasizing a pair of midline canals (
vascula media) which arc outwards once they reach the shell margin. == Subgroups ==