and other researchers for demonstrating that painting
cows with
black and white stripes can prevent
biting flies biting them without using more pesticide. The Ig Nobels were created in 1991 by
Marc Abrahams, then editor-in-chief of the
Journal of Irreproducible Results and later co-founder of the
Annals of Improbable Research (AIR), who has been the
master of ceremonies at all awards. The name is also a
pun on the word
ignoble. Awards were presented for discoveries "that cannot or should not be reproduced". The ceremony originally took place in a lecture hall at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) but moved in 1995 to the
Sanders Theater at
Harvard University. Due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, the event was held fully online from 2020 to 2023, returning to MIT in September 2024. In March 2026, the AIR announced that the 2026 awards ceremony would be held on 3 September in
Zurich, Switzerland, and hosted by the
University of Zurich and
ETH Domain, with Abrahams saying that the United States had become "unsafe" for guests. Sir
Andre Geim, who had been awarded an Ig Nobel Prize in 2000 for levitating a frog by magnetism, was awarded a Nobel Prize in physics in 2010 for his work with the electromagnetic properties of
graphene. He is the only individual, as of 2026, to have received both a Nobel and an Ig Nobel. == Awards ==