Paul Niehans was a Swiss surgeon and medical writer. He is best known for developing fresh cell therapy, a form of alternative medicine. Due to unproven rumors that he had treated famous celebrities and world leaders, his clinic speciliazing in fresh cell therapy became popular. In 1955, he was appointed to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences after providing services to Pope Pius XII. There is no medical evidence to suggest his fresh cell therapy is useful for any health problem, and it has not been approved in several countries for safety reasons.