Pavel Schönfeld was born into an assimilated Jewish family in Prague on 27 October 1917. He left Czechoslovakia as a young man to evade the
Nazis. In
Great Britain, he adopted the pseudonym Tigrid (after river
Tigris) when he worked as a broadcaster of anti-fascist propaganda in
BBC, and kept it for the rest of his life. Returning after the end of
World War II, he continued his publishing career, soon clashing with the ascendant
communist ideology. Fleeing arrest, he emigrated to
West Germany, later moved to United States and finally settled in France. During the
Cold War, Tigrid was a prominent representative of Czech anti-communist exile, authored several books and published numerous publications, for example the magazine
Svědectví ("Testimony"), read both in exile circles and by
dissidents in Czechoslovakia from 1956 to 1992. He returned to
Prague for the second time after the
Velvet Revolution, was active in public life and served as the minister of culture (1994–96), but after an unsuccessful campaign for election to the
Czech Senate, he retired to France where he died in 2003. ==Literary works==