Peng Ming-min

Peng was born in Taichū Prefecture on August 15, 1923, to a prominent and wealthy family of Taiwanese doctors. He received his primary education in Taiwan before going to Tokyo for secondary education, graduating from Kwansei Gakuin Middle School in 1939 and the Third Higher School in 1942. During World War II, he studied law and political science at the Tokyo Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo). At the end of the war, in order to avoid the American bombing of Japan's capital, he decided to go to his brother near Nagasaki. En route to his brother, he lost his left arm in a bombing raid. While recuperating at his brother's house, he witnessed the second atomic blast that destroyed the city of Nagasaki. After the Japanese surrender, Peng returned to Taiwan and enrolled at National Taiwan University. He was studying for his bachelor's degree in political science when the February 28 Incident occurred. After receiving his bachelor's degree, Peng went on to pursue a master's degree (LL.M. 1953) at the Institute of Air and Space Law at the McGill University Faculty of Law in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he earned his LL.M. under John Cobb Cooper. He then completed doctoral studies in France and earned his doctoral degree in law at the University of Paris in 1954. During his studies, Peng wrote some of the first essays on international air law published in France, Canada and Japan. His publications attracted considerable international attention and distinguished Peng as a pioneer in the new field of international air law. ==Academic career and exile==

Peng returned to Taiwan and in 1957, at age 34, he became the youngest full professor at the National Taiwan University. While Peng was a professor and chairman of the Department of Political Science from 1961 to 1962, he attracted the attention of Chiang Kai-shek and other Kuomintang (KMT) leaders. Chiang appointed Peng as the advisor to the Republic of China's delegation to the United Nations, then the highest political position held by any Taiwanese, and hinted of future high-level governmental appointments. He quoted: In 1964, Peng and two of his students, Hsieh Tsung-min and , created advocating the overthrow of the Chiang regime and the establishment of a democratic government in Taiwan. They languished in jail for several months before being tried for sedition by a military court. By 1968, his house arrest had become so suffocating that friends and Takayuki Munakata, a member of the Taiwan independence movement in Japan helped plan for Peng's escape from Taiwan. In 1970, Peng managed to travel by plane to Hong Kong and from there to Sweden with a forged passport. He was granted political asylum in Sweden, but despite the freedom he enjoyed in Europe, he decided to pursue an appointment at the University of Michigan. Both the KMT and the Chinese Communist Party strenuously objected, but the United States granted his request for a visa and Peng arrived in Michigan in August 1970. During his time at Michigan, he wrote his autobiography A Taste of Freedom. While in exile, Peng continued to be a leading figure in Taiwan politics and American foreign policy issues. In 1981, he co-founded the Formosan Association for Public Affairs (FAPA), a Taiwanese lobbying organization based in Washington D.C. Peng served as FAPA's president from 1986 to 1988 and chaired the Asia-Pacific Democracy Association in 1989. He also testified on Taiwan issues before the United States Congress on several occasions. ==Return to Taiwan==

With the death of Chiang Ching-kuo in 1988, Lee Teng-hui assumed the presidency and began to reform Taiwanese government. In 1992, he promulgated a revision of of the Criminal Code which not only allowed Taiwanese to advocate independence without being charged with sedition, but also granted amnesty to political prisoners and ended the overseas blacklist. No longer threatened with arrest, Peng returned to Taiwan on 2 November 1992 to a crowd of 1,000 people at Taoyuan International Airport. He had been in exile for 22 years. Peng joined the Democratic Progressive Party in February 1995. On 28 September 1995, after an arduous two-tiered nomination process involving 49 public debates around Taiwan, the Democratic Progressive Party nominated Peng as their candidate for Taiwan's first presidential elections. Outspokenly running on a platform of Taiwanese independence, he garnered 21% of the votes, a distant second to the incumbent Lee Teng-hui, who won the election. In 2001, after Chen Shui-bian was elected president, Peng was appointed one of Chen's senior advisors. ==Later life and death==

In 2009, Peng's A Perfect Escape (逃亡), was published in Chinese, revealing the details of his dramatic escape in 1970. In July 2015, Peng and three others founded the Taiwan Independence Action Party. English translations of his articles were occasionally published in the Taipei Times. Peng died on 8 April 2022 at age 98. His remains were interred in a cemetery at the Presbyterian Church in Yancheng District, Kaohsiung. ==Personal life==

Peng was an ardent baseball fan as a young boy, and when Babe Ruth visited Japan in the 1930s, he wrote a letter to Ruth and received an autograph in return. ==References==