This gene encodes a multifunctional protein. It has two enzymatically active domains with
catalytic activities - peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) and peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (PAL). These
catalytic domains work sequentially to catalyze
neuroendocrine peptides to active alpha-amidated products. The reaction pathway catalyzed by PAM is accessed via quantum tunneling and substrate preorganization. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different
isoforms have been described for this gene, but some of their full-length sequences are not yet known. The PAL subunit then completes the conversion, by catalyzing elimination from the hydroxylated glycine: :peptide-C(O)NHCH(OH)CO2− → peptide-C(O)NH2 + CH(O)CO2− The eliminated coproduct is
glyoxylate, written above as CH(O)CO2−.
In insects Insect PαAMs are responsive to
O concentrations and depends upon
Cu. Simpson et al 2015 finds insect PαAMs to respond to
hypoxia by regulating the activity of several
peptide hormones. They find PαAM to probably be an important part of
neuroendocrine responses to hypoxia. == References ==