In April 1992, the Soviet-backed Afghan communist government of
Mohammad Najibullah could no longer sustain itself against the Afghan
mujahideen.
Ahmad Shah Massoud's mujahideen, allied with Sayyid Mansor's Ismailis and former communist general
Abdul Rashid Dostum's forces, captured Afghanistan's major air force base
Bagram, seventy kilometers north of Kabul. Senior communist generals and officials of the Najibullah administration acted as a transitional authority to transfer power to Ahmad Shah Massoud's alliance. The Kabul interim authority invited Massoud to enter Kabul as the new Head of State, but he held back. Massoud ordered his forces, positioned to the north of Kabul, not to enter the capital until a political solution was in place. Meanwhile, other mujahideen factions were starting to advance towards the capital city Kabul from different sides,
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's
Hezb-e Islami from the south,
Abdul Rasul Sayyaf's
Ittehad-e Islami from the west,
Abdul Ali Mazari's
Hezb-e Wahdat also from the west and the
Hezb-e Islami Khalis from the east. The international community in the form of the United Nations and most Afghan political parties decided to appoint a legitimate national government, to succeed communist rule, through an elite settlement among the different resistance parties. Massoud pertained:
"All the parties had participated in the war, in jihad in Afghanistan, so they had to have their share in the government, and in the formation of the government. Afghanistan is made up of different nationalities. We were worried about a national conflict between different tribes and different nationalities. In order to give everybody their own rights and also to avoid bloodshed in Kabul, we left the word to the parties so they should decide about the country as a whole. We talked about it for a temporary stage and then after that the ground should be prepared for a general election." A recorded radio communication between the two leaders showed the divide as Massoud asked Hekmatyar:
"The Kabul regime is ready to surrender, so instead of the fighting we should gather. ... The leaders are meeting in Peshawar. ... The troops should not enter Kabul, they should enter later on as part of the government." Hekmatyar's response:
"We will march into Kabul with our naked sword. No one can stop us. ... Why should we meet the leaders?" Massoud answered: ''"It seems to me that you don't want to join the leaders in Peshawar nor stop your threat, and you are planning to enter Kabul ... in that case I must defend the people."'' At that point even
Osama bin Laden, who had worked extensively with Hekmatyar in Peshawar, urged Hekmatyar to
"go back with your brothers" and to accept a compromise with the other resistance parties. But Hekmatyar refused, confident that he would be able to gain sole power in Afghanistan. ==Text of the Peshawar Accord==