Rugolo was born in
San Piero Patti, Sicily. where his father earned a living as a shoemaker. He began his career in music playing the
baritone horn, like his father, but he quickly branched out into other instruments, notably the
French horn and the piano. He received a bachelor's degree from
San Francisco State College and then went on to study composition with
Darius Milhaud at
Mills College in
Oakland, California, where he earned a master's degree. After he graduated, Rugolo was hired as an arranger and composer by guitarist and bandleader
Johnny Richards. == 1940s and 1950s ==