Peter Hall (minister)

Peter Hall was born at Akropong-Akwapim on the Gold Coast on 17 May 1851, the tenth child of eleven children of his parents. His parents, John and Mary Hall, had been born into slavery in Jamaica. Though his parents were Jamaicans, Peter Hall regarded himself as a native of Akropong-Akuapem. His father, John Hall was born in Williamsfield, Jamaica in 1802 and was a rum distiller by occupation and Elder or Presbyter at the Irwinhill Moravian Church in Montego Bay. Mary Hall, his mother, was also born in Williamsfield in 1811 and was also a congregant at the Moravian church in Irwinhill, Montego Bay. Henry Hall became a teacher-catechist in service of the Basel Mission and died at Abomosu many years later. Peter Hall recalled his mother, Mary affectionately calling him, “Last baby; little bowl” as a child and he was always found tied to her apron strings. His father was described as very strict and often flogged Peter Hall's older siblings for the least misconduct. His parents who were regular churchgoers often prayed with the family at bedtime. He was made to read a Bible verse once he became literate as a child. The Hall family lived on Hanover Street in Akropong where all the other West Indians lived in small stone houses. In his recollection, he stated, “When I was young, I remember that a bond of unity bound all the West Indians together. Instead of “Mr.” they used “brother” when referring to one another. It was Bro. Clerk or Bro. Miller and so on, and we the children always addressed them as “Uncle so and so” or “Aunt so and so.” Among ourselves, we referred to one another as ‘sister’ or ‘brother’” The community of brethren is a key tenet of the Moravian movement, from which the West Indians were raised. A notable incident in his childhood was the 1854 naval bombardment of Osu by the British forces as revenge for the organised resistance to the then newly introduced poll tax. Hall recalled the fleeing of refugees, mostly traders, from Osu to Akropong. The refugees founded their own settlement, “Kotobaabi” near the mission house where the women sold corn bread (abolo), deep fried plantain, fried cakes (tatale), corn porridge (mpampa), malt or corn wine (ahai), Bambara beans (aboboi), parched groundnuts and corn. The poll tax dispute spread to Akropong where a tax collector named Neils Holm visited the town frequently to collect the tax paid in cowries (ntrama), with twenty-five strings of cowries equaling a shilling and a penny. In 1871, there was an outbreak of smallpox at Akropong. Peter Hall's parents and two brothers were afflicted by the infectious disease. Unfortunately, one brother, James Hall, who had a wife and a daughter, died from the smallpox outbreak. == Education and training ==

Peter Hall was first homeschooled by his mother. He did not start school until 1859 when he was about eight due to his asthmatic condition which was cured by an Islamic cleric and herbalist. Many academically weak students fled the school after a short stay. In 1862, there was an earthquake at Akropong which terrified all pupils with the teacher almost jumping through the window. In September 1865, he entered the Basel Mission middle boarding school at Akropong which was under the headship of the Reverend Mader pending the arrival of the Rev. M. Bellon who was the incoming headmaster. He spent three years instead of the usual four to complete his education. Hall had an accelerated promotion to the fourth year as the original final year class had been dismissed for indiscipline. He was appointed the lamp lighter of the school, which made him exempt from his manual duties. His enjoyed studying Greek and devoted his free time to the study of the language. His tutor in Greek was the Rev. Simeon Koranteng. Peter Hall was also influenced by the no-nonsense disciplinarian and new principal, M. Bellon. Peter Hall was confirmed on 16 February 1866 by the senior Basel missionary, the Rev. J. G. Widmann. Hall's chosen Scripture for the occasion was 2 Timothy 2:22: “So flee youthful passions and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace, along with those who call on the Lord from a pure heart.” In 1868, Peter Hall entered the Basel Mission Seminary at Akropong to train as a teacher-catechist. The Rev. J. A. Mader was the principal at the time. Hall's classmates included W. Hyde, E. Ofori, W. Addo and Joshua Adaye. In his final year at the seminary, there was an outbreak of smallpox at Akropong and the college had to temporarily close down for four months. After the epidemic subsided, Peter Hall continued his studies and on 18 August 1872, he and his classmates were consecrated as teacher-catechists by the Rev. J. G. Widmann. One of his mentors, Johnson left him with the parting words, Matthew 16:24 “If any man will come after me let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me.” == Teaching and Christian mission ==

Peter Hall and Joshua Adaye were appointed teachers at the Basel Mission boarding middle school at Akropong. Between 1882 and 1888, Hall was appointed the minister- in-charge of the Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong. He encountered the Kete Krachi-imported deity, "Odente" during his ministry there. In 1888, he Peter Hall was appointed to the Volta District with his station being at Nkonya. He was received on friendly terms by the paramount chief, Okoto Kofi. Upon the advice of his friend Joshua Miller and with his help, he decided to settle in Ntsumuru due to its central location. He remained there as a preacher-missionary for the fourteen years. He went to Alavanyo to the east of Botoku and Sohae in the west. He went to towns such as Kpando, Anfoega, Buem and Vakpo. At Nkonya, he initially face opposition from the natives who worshipped idols including a heathen god called Sia. The local people nicknamed Hall “Anise” meaning 'father figure' in the local dialect. His converts include former voodoo priests and Sophia Ofusi who became the first female convert of the town and the mother of the first ordained pastor from Nkonya. With the help of the natives, he built schools and mission stations and mediated in an impasse that could have resulted in two wars. He baptised so many natives that there was no one willing to succeed the old fetish priest after the shaman died. Hall went many settlements such as Buem in 1891 and preached in many villages including Jasikan, Worawora, Guaman and Boradaa. Together, with his fellow second generation West Indian colleague, Nicholas Timothy Clerk, Peter Hall went to Adele and Salaga in the Northern Territories. He undertook another journey to Adele and Akebu with the Rev. P. H. Roesler who was a Basel missionary stationed at Aburi. He was transferred to Tutu in 1902, where he enjoyed great tranquility for three years. After interceding in prayer for the paramount chief, Nana Akuffo, the locals accused him of meddling in a land dispute between the natives and the church. With tensions brewing, the Basel missionaries, the Rev. Samson and Dr. Fisch had to step in as mediators to settle the disagreement. However, there was so much resentment that the many new converts boycotted church services. The chapel was closed one Sunday and he went to preach at Obosomase. He was temporarily transferred to Larteh but had to return to Tutu as his family was being intimidated by the townsfolk. Traders refused to sell to his family. Someone fired a gun into their compound while a trader who had sold palm nuts to his wife returned to forcibly take them while they were boiling in a pot in their yard. In January 1908, he was transferred to Adawso were natives were so receptive, he begged the church management to stay on when his tenure ended after five years. In February 1913, Peter Hall returned to Akropong, where his new colleagues mostly consisted of German missionaries. == Moderator of the Presbyterian Church ==

Peter Hall During World War I, the British colonial government expelled the Basel missionaries in 1917 as “alien security risk” on Gold Coast as many were of German and Swiss German heritage. The Scottish mission was then operating in nearby Nigeria. In effect, he became the chief executive of the national church organisation. The Synod Clerk position went to another second generation Jamaican missionary, Nicholas Timothy Clerk. At the 1918 Synod meeting, held at the Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong, Peter Hall and Nicholas Clerk authored the first constitution of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana. At the Synod, the church retained its eleven districts: Christiansborg (Osu), Abokobi, Odumase-Krobo Aburi, Akropong, Anum, Kyebi, Begoro, Nsaba, Abetifi and Kumasi. At the 1922 Synod, the first five Presbyteries were created: Ga and Adangme; Akuapem and Anum; Agona and Kotoku; Akyem and Okwawu; Asante and Asante Akyem. Mission stations were opened at Aburi, Larteh, Odumase, Abokobi, Kyebi, Gyadam, Kwahu, Asante, Anum as well as the Northern territories including Yendi and Salaga. On 20 August 1922, after four years as the Moderator and fifty years of teaching and Christian ministry, Peter Hall retired from active service. == Personal life ==

In 1874, he married a woman who he did not name in his autobiography. The Rev. Widmann officiated at the wedding ceremony. Three of their first four children passed away in infancy. The fourth child, John Hall survived childhood. Four more children were born but only three of those lived to adulthood. == Works ==

• Hall, Peter (1965). Autobiography of the Rev. Peter Hall: First Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana. Accra: Waterville Publishing House == Later life ==

Peter Hall spent his retirement years in his adopted hometown of Akropong. == Death and legacy ==

Peter Hall died in 1937 at the age of eighty six. His funeral service was held at the Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong and his body was interred at the old Basel Mission Cemetery in the town. The Presbyterian Church at Nkonya Wurpong, was named the Peter Hall Congregation in his honour. == References ==