Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of Saint Marylebone

Born in Bayswater, London, Hogg was the son of the 1st Viscount Hailsham, who was Lord Chancellor under Stanley Baldwin, and grandson of Quintin Hogg, a merchant, philanthropist and educational reformer, and an American mother; Hogg's great-grandfather was Sir James Hogg, 1st Baronet, a businessman and politician from Ulster. The middle name McGarel comes from Charles McGarel, an Ulsterman who had large holdings of slaves, and who financially sponsored Quintin Hogg's grandfather, also called Quintin Hogg, who was McGarel's brother-in-law. Hogg was educated at Sunningdale School and then Eton College, where he was a King's Scholar and won the Newcastle Scholarship in 1925. He entered Christ Church, Oxford as a Scholar and he was President of the Oxford University Conservative Association and of the Oxford Union. He took Firsts in Honours Moderations in 1928 and in Literae Humaniores in 1930. He was elected to a Prize Fellowship in Law at All Souls College, Oxford, in 1931. He was called to the bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1932. Hogg spoke in opposition to the motion "That this House will in no circumstances fight for its King and Country" in the 1933 King and Country debate at the Oxford Union. == Public life ==

Hogg participated in his first election campaign in the 1924 general election, and in all subsequent general election campaigns until his death. Election in the wake of the Munich Agreement In 1938, Hogg was chosen as a candidate for Parliament in the Oxford by-election. and becoming head of his barristers' chambers in 1955, succeeding Kenneth Diplock. In June 1963, when his fellow Minister John Profumo had to resign after admitting lying to Parliament about his private life, Hailsham attacked him savagely on television. The Labour MP Reginald Paget called this "a virtuoso performance of the art of kicking a friend in the guts". He added, "When self-indulgence has reduced a man to the shape of Lord Hailsham, sexual continence involves no more than a sense of the ridiculous." In 15 July, he and Averell Harriman arrived in Moscow for nuclear test-ban negotiations. Conservative Party leadership bid (1963) Hailsham was Leader of the House of Lords when Harold Macmillan announced his sudden resignation from the premiership for health reasons at the start of the 1963 Conservative Party conference. At that time there was no formal ballot for the Conservative Party leadership. Hailsham, who was at first Macmillan's preferred successor, announced that he would use the newly-enacted Peerage Act 1963 to disclaim his title and fight a by-election and return to the House of Commons. His publicity-seeking antics at the Party Conference—such as feeding his baby daughter in public, When Edward Heath won the 1970 general election he received a life peerage as Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, of Herstmonceux in the County of Sussex, and became Lord Chancellor. Hogg was the first to return to the House of Lords as a life peer after having disclaimed an hereditary peerage. Hailsham's choice of Lord Widgery as Lord Chief Justice was criticised by his opponents, although he later redeemed himself in the eyes of the profession by appointing Lord Lane to succeed Widgery. His appointment as Lord Chancellor caused some amusement; in October 1962 he had told a journalist (Logan Gourlay of the Daily Express) that when he had inherited his title he had thought that by 1970 if the Tory Government were in power "some ass might make me Lord Chancellor". During his first term as Lord Chancellor, Hailsham oversaw the passage of the Courts Act 1971, which fundamentally reformed English justice by abolishing the ancient assizes and quarter sessions, which were replaced by permanent Crown Courts. (a reference to Margaret Thatcher's origins). He argued that the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 disregarded "almost every principle of the methodology which law reform ought to attract" and was no less than an attempt to "nationalise the profession and part of the judiciary" (Hansard 5L, 514.151, 19 December 1989). and a Knight Companion of the Garter in 1988. ==Personal life==

Hailsham married three times: • First, in 1932, he married Natalie Sullivan. • On 1 March 1986, Hailsham married Deirdre Margaret Shannon Aft (1928/9–1998), a former secretary in his chambers. She cared for him in his old age, but predeceased him in 1998. Hailsham remained physically energetic until late middle age, and in the 1960s he could often be seen cycling unsteadily around London, dressed in the bowler hat and pin-striped suit of a barrister. He was also a scuba diver, and trained with the London Branch of the British Sub-Aqua Club. However, both of his damaged ankles, as he later wrote, "packed up within a week of one another in June 1974". Thereafter he was only able to walk short distances, with the aid of two walking-sticks. ==Writings==

Hogg's 1945 book The Left Was Never Right was a fierce response to two books in Victor Gollancz's "Victory Books" series, Guilty Men by Frank Owen, Michael Foot, and Peter Howard, and Your M.P. by Tom Wintringham, both published during the war and largely attempting to discredit Tory MPs as appeasers and war profiteers. The Wintringham volume had been republished in the lead up to the 1945 general election, widely acknowledged at the time as a major factor in shifting public opinion away from the Conservative party. Hogg's book sought to contrast Wintringham's statistics on appeasement with patriotic statistics of his own, maintaining that Labour MPs had been lacking in their wartime duties. Perhaps his most important book, the Penguin paperback The Case for Conservatism, was a similar response to Labour Marches On by John Parker MP. Published in 1947 in the aftermath of the crushing Conservative election defeat of 1945, and aimed at the mass market and the layman, it presented a well-written and coherent case for Conservatism. According to the book, the role of Conservatism is not to oppose all change but to resist and balance the volatility of current political fads and ideology, and to defend a middle position that enshrines a slowly changing organic humane traditionalism. For example, in the 19th century Conservatives often opposed the policies of prevailing British liberalism, favouring factory regulation, market intervention and controls to mitigate the effects of laissez faire capitalism, but in the 20th century the role of Conservatism was to oppose an ostensible danger from the opposite direction, the regulation, intervention, and controls favoured by social democracy. Hailsham was also known for his writings on faith and belief. In 1975 he published his spiritual autobiography The Door Wherein I Went, which included a brief chapter of Christian apologetics, using legal arguments concerning the evidence for the life of Jesus. The book included a particularly moving passage about suicide; when he was a young man his half-brother Edward Marjoribanks had taken his own life, and the experience left Hailsham with a deep conviction that suicide is always wrong. His writings on Christianity have been the subject of discussion in the writings of Ross Clifford. Hailsham revisited themes of faith in his memoirs ''A Sparrow's Flight'' (1991), and the book's title alluded to remarks about sparrows and faith recorded in Bede's Ecclesiastical History and the words of Christ in the Gospel of Matthew. Select bibliography • ''One Year's Work.'' London: Hutchinson, The National Book Association. 1944 (As Quintin Hogg.) • The Times We Live In. London: Signpost Press, 1944. (As Quintin Hogg.) • The Left Was Never Right. London: Faber and Faber, 1945. (As Quintin Hogg.) • The Purpose of Parliament. London: Blanford Press, 1946. (As Quintin Hogg.) • The Case for Conservatism. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1947. (As Quintin Hogg.) Revised, updated, and republished as The Conservative Case, 1959. (As Viscount Hailsham.) • ''The Iron Curtain, Fifteen Years After. With a Reprint of [Winston Churchill's] 'The Sinews of Peace' (1946).'' The John Findley Green Foundation Lectures. Fulton, Missouri: Westminster College, 1961. New York: River Club, 1964. (As Viscount Hailsham.) • Science and Government. The Fawley Foundation Lectures, 8. Southampton: University of Southampton, 1961. OCLC Number: 962124; OCoLC 594963091. (As Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone.) • Science and Politics. London: Faber and Faber, 1963. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974. . (As Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone.) • ''The Devil's Own Song and Other Verses.'' London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1968. . (As Quintin Hogg.) • New Charter: Some Proposals for Constitutional Reform. London: Conservative Political Centre, 1969. CPC Series No. 430. • The Acceptable Face of Western Civilisation. London: Conservative Political Centre, 1973. CPC Series No. 535. . • The Door Wherein I Went. London: Collins, 1975. . (As Lord Hailsham.) • Elective Dictatorship. The Richard Dimbleby Lectures. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1976. . (As Lord Hailsham.) • The Dilemma of Democracy: Diagnosis and Prescription. London: Collins, 1979. . (As Lord Hailsham.) • ''A Sparrow's Flight: The Memoirs of Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone.'' London: William Collins & Sons Ltd, 1991. . (As Lord Hailsham.) • On the Constitution. London: HarperCollins, 1992. . (As Lord Hailsham.) • Values: Collapse and Cure. London: HarperCollins, 1994. . (As Lord Hailsham.) ==Assessment and legacy==

S. M. Cretney argues that "Hailsham was on any assessment one of the outstanding personalities of 20th-century British politics. None of his contemporaries combined so brilliant and well-trained an intellect with a capacity for oratory that enjoyed such wide appeal. His most notable success may well have been his role in reviving the Conservative Party's fortunes in the 1950s … even so, Hailsham's actual achievements in politics arguably failed to reflect his remarkable intellectual power and oratorical skills" and that given his "emotional and temperamental volatility and even instability ... it is difficult to make any rational estimate of quite what a Hailsham administration would have achieved" had he become Prime Minister in 1963. In Jimmy McGovern's 2002 film Sunday, which portrayed the events of Bloody Sunday and the subsequent Widgery Tribunal, Hailsham was played by the actor Oliver Ford Davies. Further reading Rees, J. (John) Tudor, and Harley V. Usill, editors. They Stand Apart: A Critical Survey of the Problems of Homosexuality. London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1955. A collection of essays by multiple authors. Lewis, Geoffrey. Lord Hailsham: A Life. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1997. Utley, T. E. (Thomas Edwin). Not Guilty: The Conservative Reply. A Vindication of Government Policy. "Foreword by the Rt. Hon. Viscount Hailsham, Q.C." London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1957. OCLC Number: 1412752. A defence of the policies of then-Prime Minister Anthony Eden. Clifford, Ross. ''Leading Lawyers' Case for the Resurrection. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute for Law, Theology, and Public Policy, 1996. . (Also published as The Case for the Empty Tomb: Leading Lawyers Look at the Resurrection.'' Sydney: Albatross Books, 1993. .) ==Coat of Arms==