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Pyotr Rumyantsev

Count Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky was one of the foremost Russian military commanders of the 18th century, widely considered to be one of Russia's greatest military leaders and is referred to as one of the greatest commanders in military history. As a commander, he is placed on par with Alexander Suvorov. Rumyantsev used mobile divisional squares for the first time in history as opposed to linear battle orders and initiated the formation of light (jaeger) battalions in the Russian Army, which operated in a scattered order.

Early life
Pyotr came from the Russian noble Rumyantsev family. He was the only son of Count Alexander Rumyantsev, and was born in the village of Stroiești (modern Moldova/Transnistria), which had twice been unsuccessfully beleaguered by other Russia's commanders; thus clearing for Russian armies the path to Berlin. The siege of Kolberg of 1761 was an important milestone in the development of Russian military art. Here Rumyantsev pioneered a new tactic – the action of troops in battalion (regimental) columns, combined with a scattered formation of jaegers. == First Russo-Turkish War ==
First Russo-Turkish War
(1799–1801) was moved from the Field of Mars to St. Andrew's Cathedral by Carlo Rossi in 1818. Throughout the reign of Catherine the Great, Rumyantsev served as supreme governor of Little Russia. In this post, which his father had held with so much honesty, Rumyantsev made it his priority to eliminate any autonomy of the hetmans and to fully incorporate the newly conquered territories into the Russian Empire. Some accuse him of having promoted serfdom in New Russia, but the choice of such a policy remained out of his control. With the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish war in 1768, Rumyantsev took command of the army sent to capture Azov. He thoroughly defeated the Turks in the battles of Ryabaya Mogila, Larga, and Kagul, crossed the Danube and advanced to Romania. For these dazzling victories he became Field-Marshal and gained the victory title Zadunaisky (meaning "Trans-Danubian"). When his forces approached Shumla in 1774, the new Sultan Abdul Hamid I started to panic and sued for peace, which Rumyanstev signed upon a military tambourine at the village of Küçük Kaynarca. == Second Russo-Turkish War ==
Second Russo-Turkish War
By that point, Rumyantsev had undoubtedly become the most famous Russian commander. Other Catharinian generals, notably Potemkin, allegedly regarded his fame with such jealousy that they wouldn't permit him to take the command again. In times of peace, Rumyantsev expressed his innovative views on the martial art in the Instructions (1761), Customs of Military Service (1770), and the Thoughts (1777). These works provided a theoretical base for the re-organisation of the Russian army undertaken by Potemkin. During the Second Russo-Turkish War, Rumyantsev suspected Potemkin of deliberately curtailing supplies of his army and presently resigned his command. In the Polish campaign of 1794 he once again won appointment as commander-in-chief, but his rival Suvorov actually led the armies into battle. On this occasion Rumyantsev didn't bother even to leave his Ukrainian manor at Tashan which he had rebuilt into a fortress. He died there on 19 December 1796, just over a month after Catherine's death, and was interred in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. As the story goes, old Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky grew enormously fat and avaricious, so that he pretended not to recognize his own sons when they came from the capital to ask for money. Under his son Sergey's administration, Tashan fell into ruins, although he erected a mausoleum near Balashikha for his father's reburial (which never took place). Neither Sergey nor his brother Nikolay Petrovich Rumyantsev married, and the comital branch of the Rumyantsev family became extinct upon their death. == Honours ==
Honours
Rumyantsev was presented with the following awards: • Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (1759); • Order of St. Andrew (1762); • Order of St. George 1st Class (1770); • Order of St. Vladimir 1st Class (1782); • Golden Weapon for Bravery (1775, 1791/92). ==Gallery ==
Gallery
File:Rumjanzew-sadunaiski.jpg|Portrait of Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky. Unknown artist of the late 18th century. File:Портрет графа Петра Андреевича Румянцева-Задунайского.Тончи. 2я пол.1790х ГИМ e1.jpg|Portrait of Count Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky. Painting of the 1790s by Salvatore Tonci. File:RusPortraits v4-102 Comte Pierre Alexandowitch Roumiantzeff.jpg|Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev, 18th century, unknown author File:Rumyantsev Zadunaysky Mansion.jpg|Rumyantsev Zadunaysky Mansion, built in 1782. File:Spb 06-2012 English Embankment 03.jpg|Nikolai Rumyantsev's mansion on English Quay, St. Petersburg File:Belarus-Homel-Palace of Pashkevichs-13.jpg|Rumyantsev Residence in Gomel, Belarus File:Maryinsky Palace, residence of the Ukrainian President.JPG|Governors' Palace in Kyiv File:Kachanovka palace.JPG|Kachanivka Palace, Ukraine == Legacy ==
Legacy
The village of , Moldova, is named in honour of Rumyantsev. The settlement is located from Chișinău. It was first mentioned in documents in 1878 as Badicul Rusesc. In 1977, the authorities changed the name of the village. According to the 2004 census, the village's population was 457 people. == See also ==
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