Philip Hamburger

Hamburger received a Bachelor of Arts with a major in history from Princeton University in 1979 and a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1982. ==Scholarship==

Hamburger is a scholar of the First Amendment who has studied "Jefferson's thinking and actions with respect to matters of church and state". He is known for arguing that "the First Amendment, originally thought to limit the government, has been increasingly interpreted by the Court to mean limiting religion and confining it to the private sphere." Hamburger has criticized Justice Hugo Black, who served on the Supreme Court from 1937 to 1971, arguing that Black's views on the need for separation of church and state were deeply tainted by prominent roles in the Ku Klux Klan, which, beyond its well-known role as an anti-Black extremist hate group, also harbored extreme anti-Catholic views. ==New Civil Liberties Alliance==

In 2017, Philip founded the New Civil Liberties Alliance, which describes itself as "a nonpartisan, nonprofit civil rights group founded ... to protect constitutional freedoms from violations by the Administrative State." The NCLA has received financial support from entities affiliated with Charles Koch and Leonard Leo. ==Publications==

Books • Separation of Church and State (Harvard University Press, 2002) • Law and Judicial Duty (Harvard University Press, 2008) • Is Administrative Law Unlawful? (University of Chicago Press, 2014) • The Administrative Threat (Encounter Books, 2017) • Liberal Suppression: Section 501(c)(3) and the Taxation of Speech (University of Chicago Press, 2018) • Purchasing Submission: Conditions, Power, and Freedom (Harvard University Press, 2021) Articles • ''Revolution and Judicial Review: Chief Justice Holt's Opinion in'' City of London v. Wood, 94 COLUM. L. REV. 2091 (1994). • "Liberality," Texas Law Review (2002) • "Law and Judicial Duty," George Washington Law Review (2003) • "The New Censorship: Institutional Review Boards," Supreme Court Review (2004) • "Religious Liberty in Philadelphia," Emory Law Journal (2005) • "Beyond Protection," Columbia Law Review (2009) ==See also==