Philip Joseph Pauly was an American historian of science known for his work on the history of biology in the United States. A professor at Rutgers University, he published three books: Controlling Life: Jacques Loeb and the Engineering Ideal in Biology; Biologists and the Promise of American Life: From Meriwether Lewis to Alfred Kinsey; and Fruits and Plains: The Horticultural Transformation of America. His final book was honored with the Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries Annual Literature Award in 2009.