Historians agree that Philostratus authored at least five works:
Life of Apollonius of Tyana (Τὰ ἐς τὸν Τυανέα Ἀπολλώνιον; ),
Lives of the Sophists (, ),
Gymnasticus (Γυμναστικός),
Heroicus (Ἡρωικός) and
Epistolae (Ἐπιστολαί). Another work,
Imagines (Εἰκόνες), is usually assigned to his son-in-law
Philostratus of Lemnos.
Heroicus (
On Heroes, 213–214 AD) is in the form of a dialogue between a Phoenician traveler and a vine-tender or groundskeeper (ἀμπελουργός
ampelourgos), regarding
Protesilaus (or "Protosilaos"), the first
Achaean warrior to be killed at the siege of
Troy, as described in the
Iliad. The dialogue extends into a discussion and critique of
Homer's presentation of heroes and gods, based on the greater authority of the dead Protosileus, who lives after death and communicates with the
ampelourgos. Heroicus includes Achilles' "Ode to Echo".
Life of Apollonius of Tyana, written between 217 and 238 AD, tells the story of
Apollonius of Tyana (c. 40 – c. 120 AD), a
Pythagorean philosopher and teacher. Philostratus wrote the book for
Julia Domna, wife of
Septimius Severus and mother of
Caracalla. The book was completed after her death.
Lives of the Sophists, written between 231 and 237 AD, is a semi-biographical history of the Greek sophists. The book is dedicated to a consul Antonius Gordianus, perhaps one of the two
Gordians who were killed in 238. The work is divided into two parts: the first dealing with the
ancient Sophists, e.g.
Gorgias, the second with the
later school, e.g.
Herodes Atticus. The
Lives are not in the true sense biographical, but rather picturesque impressions of leading representatives of an attitude of mind full of curiosity, alert and versatile, but lacking scientific method, preferring the external excellence of style and manner to the solid achievements of serious writing. The
philosopher, as he says, investigates truth; the sophist embellishes it, and takes it for granted.
Gymnasticus, written after 220 AD, contains accounts concerning the
Olympic Games and athletic contests in general.
Epistolae, or
Love Letters, breathe the spirit of the New Comedy and the Alexandrine
poets; portions of Letter 33 are almost literally translated in
Ben Jonson's
Song to Celia, "
Drink to Me Only with Thine Eyes." The letters are mainly of an erotic character. Their publication date is unknown. ==Translations==