PhoneSat

PhoneSat 1.0 PhoneSat 1.0 uses a Nexus One smartphone (HTC) as the onboard computer PhoneSat 2.0 2012 PhoneSat 2.0 is built with a Nexus S smartphone (Samsung), running the Android 2.3.3 operating system. There is a two-way S band radio added by engineers to communicate with Earth, four Li-ion batteries, solar panels to recharge the batteries, and a GPS receiver. To control satellite orientation, several magnetorquer coils and reaction wheels were added. The Alexander cubesat, also known as PhoneSat 2.0 Beta or PhoneSat v2a, was launched along with Graham and Bell on the Antares launch vehicle in 2013. The reason for the strange simultaneous launch of PhoneSats 1.0 and 2.0 beta is that the PhoneSats 1.0 launches were delayed until 2.0 beta was ready to launch. PhoneSat 2.4 and PhoneSat 2.5 PhoneSat 2.4 and 2.5, both 1-U cubesats, included a two-way S-band radio, allowing engineers to command the satellite from Earth, and a system to control the orientation of the cubesat in space. Phonesat 2.4 was launched in November 2013 on a Minotaur-1 booster with the Educational Launch of Nanosatellites (ELaNa)-4 mission. Follow-on projects The PhoneSat bus was used in several other projects. The follow-on project, Edison Demonstration of Smallsat Networks (EDSN), was an 8-satellite constellation of 1.5-U cubesats based on the PhoneSat 3.0 architecture. However, EDSN did not make orbit, launching on the failed Super Strypi mission in November 2015. KickSat also used PhoneSat architecture. The PhoneSat concept, and most of the team, established a NASA Technology Transfer to create Planet Labs in San Francisco. PhoneSat 3.0 onwards replaced the phone circuit boards with an Intel Edison and continue to be launched as a hosted payload on the TechEdSat series at NASA Ames. The costly S-band radios have been replaced by cheap commercial WiFi dongles, and the faster processing speed allows software experiments such as improved satellite-to-satellite communications architectures for delay tolerant networking, atomic clock timekeeping experiments and on-orbit trajectory prediction, control and targeting necessary for TechEdSat's SPQR exobrake, utilizing the PhoneSat 5.0 avionics on the Intel Edison microprocessor. == Launches ==

Three NASA PhoneSats were launched aboard the Antares 110 A-ONE rocket at 21 April 2013, 21:00 UTC from MARS LP-0A. Two were PhoneSats 1.0, named Graham and Bell; and one was a PhoneSat 2.0, named Alexander. They were named after Alexander Graham Bell. They have masses of , , and . All three had deorbited on 27 April 2013, according to the PhoneSat team. Several pictures were downloaded from them by radio amateurs and NASA Ames PhoneSat team. PhoneSat 2.4 launched in November 2013 aboard the Minotaur I ORS-3 rocket at 20 November 2013, 01:15 UTC from MARS LP-0B. PhoneSat 2.5 launched on April 18, 2014, 19:25 UTC as a piggyback payload aboard SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.1 rocket, with orbital decay and subsequent reentry on May 14, 2014. ==See also==