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Phreatic eruption

A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground water or surface water. The extreme temperature of the magma causes near-instantaneous evaporation of water to steam, resulting in an explosion of steam, water, ash, rock, and volcanic bombs. At Mount St. Helens in Washington state, hundreds of steam explosions preceded the 1980 Plinian eruption of the volcano. A less intense geothermal event may result in a mud volcano.

Examples of phreatic eruptions
Cumbre Vieja – In the 2021 La Palma eruption, new eruptive vents tended to announce themselves with a phreatic explosion, followed soon after by the opening of a new fissure vent in the same location. • KrakatoaIndonesia, 1883 (see 1883 eruption of Krakatoa) – it is believed that the eruption, which obliterated most of the volcanic island and created the loudest sound in recorded history, was a phreatomagmatic event. • Ritter IslandPapua New Guinea, 1888 (see 1888 Ritter Island eruption and tsunami) – Resulted in the largest lateral spreading of a volcanic cone in human history. • KilaueaHawaii, United States – the volcano has a long record of phreatic explosions; a 1924 phreatic eruption hurled rocks estimated at eight tons up to a distance of one kilometer. • SurtseyIceland, 1963–65 • Taal VolcanoPhilippines, 1965, 1977, 2020Mount Ontake – Japan, 2014 (see 2014 Mount Ontake eruption) • Mayon Volcano – Philippines, 2013 • Whakaari/White IslandNew Zealand, 2019 (see 2019 Whakaari/White Island eruption) • Mount Bulusan – Philippines, 2022 == See also ==
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