The date of construction of Lisbon's first
pillory is unknown, but was probably in or before 1179 following the granting of a charter to Lisbon by
Afonso I of Portugal. The earliest written records date for that structure date to late 14th century. Later records place the pillory at various places in the city; but all traces of this and many other structures were destroyed in the
Lisbon earthquake of 1755. On 31 August 1470, royal ordinance referred to affixing (notices) on the "local" pillory. The earliest record of this structure may have referred to a pillory located at the port customs house, referenced in documents during the reign of
King John II. By the 16th century, the primitive pillory (
Pelourinho Velho) was situated in the
Praça do Pelourinho, alongside the
Rua Bela da Rainha (today the
Rua da Prata). The probable construction of the new pillory occurred in 1619, in the
Praça do Pelourinho Novo, alongside the river. In the urban plans of João Nunes Tinoco, dated to 1650, included the
Praça do Pelourinho Velho and
Praça do Pelourinho Novo. On 8 April 1633, the municipal government debated the construction of a spring in the
Praça do Pelourinho Velho, in order to improve the quantity and quality of water in the city. Sometime in the 17th century, the Senate approved the demolition of the pillory. The municipality later (1690) authorized (by the monarch) to construct homes along the river. On 16 December 1705, D. Luís Baltazar da Silveira solicited authorization to build a home on the site of the old pillory, in which he would pay 50$000
réis annually and donation to the city of 600$000 réis. The King approved the rental on 4 February 1706. On 20 November 1738, the municipal council consulted the King to afix the pillory, with the usual locals debated: the Ribeira, Terreiro do Paço, Remolares, Boavista and Confeitaria. Before the earthquake of 1755, the
Largo do Pelourinho was located at the place where the last block of the
Rua do Comércio is located, between the streets of Fanqueiros and Madalena. This border was delimited to the south by the Fernandine Wall and gave passage to the landfill of the Ribeira, through the
Portas da Ribeira. Flanking this stood the customs house and "house of weights and measures", and the buildings that housed the Senate. On 1 November 1755, the Lisbon earthquake destroyed both pillory and square. During the course of the reconstruction, by 1783, the
Largo do Pelourinho was constructed (along the old
Largo da Tanoaria, delineated by
Eugénio dos Santos. The only local execution at the site occurred in 1790, when a cadet was executed for murdering his brother. In 1808, during the course of the sack by French forces during the
Peninsular War,
Jean-Andoche Junot left the structure behind (although the General was interested in taking the structure) when they were expelled in 1808. The structure was vandalized in 1834, when the iron hooks (in the form of crosses) were removed (and had figured in early drawings of the structure in 1832). Civil authorities looked to an iron grate around the monument to protect the structure. On 24 March 1886, the square became known as the
Praça do Município. In 1910, the Pillory of Lisbon was decreed to be a national monument of Portugal. In 1968, a study was issued to analyze the protection of the pillory and establish a protection zone. This interest in preservation lead to an initiative by the DRCLisboa on 22 August 2006, to define a Special Protection Zone (ZPE) along with the
Saint George's Castle and its fortifications, the
Pombaline Downtown and several other properties surrounding the lower quarter. The National Council for Culture () proposed archiving the ZPE on 10 October 2011, which was supported on 18 October by
IGESPAR which agreed that the area required better definition. In the second half of the 20th century, the structure was cleaned and consolidated with iron framework. ==Architecture==