Caryophanaceae

Cells from members of the family Caryophanaceae can be cocci or rods, sometimes forming filaments or trichomes. Most species are strictly aerobic heterotrophs, although some are also facultatively aerobes. Cells are generally motile by flagella or gliding and they may or may not form endospores. Most species are catalase-positive and oxidase positive or negative. Analyses of genome sequences from Caryophanaceae species identified 13 conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are uniquely present in this family in the proteins phenylalanine–tRNA ligase subunit alpha, chaperonin GroEL, ribosome maturation factor RimP, BrxA/BrxB family bacilliredoxin, RNA methyltransferase, Rhomboid family intramembrane serine protease, ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit, DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta, chorismate synthase, stage IV sporulation protein A, peptidase, KinB-signaling pathway activation protein, and DUF423 domain-containing protein. These CSIs serve as a reliable molecular means of demarcating members Caryophanaceae from other families within the order Caryophanales and other bacteria. == Historical systematics and current taxonomy ==

Caryophanaceae, as of 2021, contains 19 validly published genera. The original assignment of species into the family Caryophanaceae was largely based on 16S rRNA genome sequence analyses, which is known to have low discriminatory power and the results of which changes depends on the algorithm and organism information used. Despite this, the analyses still exhibited polyphyletic branching, indicating the presence of distinct subgroups within the family. In 2020, Gupta and Patel proposed the emendation of Caryophanaceae, specifically the unification with Planoccocacae, the proposal of 3 new genera as well as the transfer of a number of misclassified species into the appropriate genera. The changes were proposed based on various phylogenetic trees constructed based on multiple large datasets of protein sequences and the identification of unique molecular markers known as conserved signatures indels in multiple proteins. ==Phylogeny==

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Unassigned genera: • "Crocinobacterium" Lee 2006 • Metaplanococcus Gupta & Patel 2020 • "Stomatostreptococcus" Ping et al. 1998 ==References==