The green belt was established in place of the
medieval walls between 1822 and 1830. By the beginning of the 19th century the expanding city had begun to outgrow the confines of the old
defensive walls. The walls had been falling into disrepair due to lack of maintenance after the
Partitions of Poland. As a result, Emperor
Franz I of
Austro-Hungary ordered the dismantling of the old fortifications. However, in 1817 Professor Feliks Radwański of
Jagiellonian University convinced the Senate of the
Free City of Cracow to legislate the partial preservation of the old fortifications, namely, the
Florian Gate and the adjoining
Barbican, one of only three such fortified outposts still surviving in
Europe. Planty Park, Florian Gate, Barbican, Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg|Planty Park. Preserved parts of the city walls:
Florian Gate and
Barbican Planty Garden, spring, Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg|Planty Park. The outline of the former city walls and towers is marked with white stone. Here was the Bookbinders' Tower. 010Planty.JPG|
Grażyna Monument Monument to Artur Grottger, 1901 by Wacław Szymanowski, Planty Park, Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg|
Artur Grottger monument European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Planty Park, Kraków, Poland.jpg|Park in winter Planty Park, fountain and pond, Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg|Fountain and pond Jagiellonian University Collegium Novum, 1882 designed Feliks Księżarski, 24 Gołębia Street, Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg|
Collegium Novum Jagiellonian Universityand Oak of Freedom (right) Fountain, monument to Fryderyk Chopin, Planty Park, Franciszkańska Street, Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg|Fountain, monument to
Frédéric Chopin ==References==