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Point-pair separation

In mathematics, two pairs of points in a cyclic order such as the real projective line separate each other when they occur alternately in the order. Thus the ordering a b c d of four points has (a,c) and (b,d) as separating pairs. This point-pair separation is an invariant of projectivities of the line.

Concept
The concept was described by G. B. Halsted at the outset of his Synthetic Projective Geometry: Given any pair of points on a projective line, they separate a third point from its harmonic conjugate. A pair of lines in a pencil separates another pair when a transversal crosses the pairs in separated points. The point-pair separation of points was written AC//BD by H. S. M. Coxeter in his textbook The Real Projective Plane. Application The relation may be used in showing the real projective plane is a complete space. The axiom of continuity used is "Every monotonic sequence of points has a limit." The point-pair separation is used to provide definitions: • {An} is monotonic ≡ ∀ n > 1 A_0 A_n // A_1 A_{n+1}. • M is a limit ≡ (∀ n > 2 A_1 A_n // A_2 M) ∧ (∀ P A_1P // A_2 M ⇒ ∃ n A_1 A_n // P M ). ==Unoriented circle==
Unoriented circle
Whereas a linear order endows a set with a positive end and a negative end, an other relation forgets not only which end is which, but also where the ends are located. In this way it is a final, further weakening of the concepts of a betweenness relation and a cyclic order. There is nothing else that can be forgotten: up to the relevant sense of interdefinability, these three relations are the only nontrivial reducts of the ordered set of rational numbers. A quaternary relation '' is defined satisfying certain axioms, which is interpreted as asserting that a and c separate b from d''. Axioms The separation relation was described with axioms in 1898 by Giovanni Vailati. • ' = ' • ' = ' • ' ⇒ ¬ ' • '' ∨ '''' • '' ⇒ ''''. ==References==
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