Perhaps the most common use of the term refers to an infamous period during the
Eisenhower administration when "leaked" documents were a common way for the various branches of the
US military to attempt to garner funding for their pet projects when traditional chains of command failed, or they actively ended them. Practically any idea, no matter how outlandish, could gain some traction by simply claiming that the
Soviet Union was working on a similar device. The first and most costly example of this behavior was the mythical "
bomber gap." After seeing the latest Soviet jet-powered bomber designs in 1955, a clamor broke out in Washington about the Soviets developing a lead in deploying
strategic bombers, with estimates that hundreds would be available shortly. The result was a massive expansion of the US building program, which led to the eventual introduction of about 2,500 jet bombers. Although it was not revealed at the time, US intelligence services had actually made real estimates of the size of the Soviet fleet as early as 1956, placing it at around 20 aircraft. Nevertheless, the tactic of claiming the gap existed and then brushing aside any criticism as being "weak on defense," was so successful it led to a wave of similar claims. Another famous case was a claim that suggested the Soviets were working on a global-range
nuclear aircraft. An article, complete with images claimed to be leaked by a spy agency, appeared in the December 1958 issue of
Aviation Week. The article described a system that was suspiciously similar to some of the designs that were currently under consideration by large US aviation companies. Concerns were soon expressed that "the Russians were from three to five years ahead of the US in the field of atomic aircraft engines and that they would move even further ahead unless the US pressed forward with its own program." In fact, the entire article was a hoax; third parties later revealed that the aircraft appearing in the pictures was the entirely conventional
Myasishchev M-50 Bounder, which never entered production. Nevertheless, the controversy managed to secure, for a time, continued funding of US efforts, which culminated in the
NB-36 testbed aircraft. The Soviets did have a nuclear aircraft design of their own, the
Tupolev Tu-95LAL, but it did not fly until years later. Another apparent case of policy by press release was the famous
Look article on
flying saucers. At the time, the
US Air Force and then the
US Army were funding the development of the
Avrocar at
Avro Canada in
Toronto. The article, in the 14 June 1955 edition, suggested that the recent wave of saucer reports were possibly caused by Soviet flying saucers, and the article went on to describe them and their capabilities. It included several images that appeared to be provided to them by Avro Canada, or someone in contact with them, including a description of the control system, which was identical to the one used on the Avrocar. In the end, the concept proved unfeasible, and the Avrocar project was eventually canceled in 1961. The article nevertheless remains famous, as it is often presented as a US government misinformation campaign to deflect attention away from "real" UFOs: to exactly what end varies by the source. ==Contemporary use==