Gothic architecture in modern Poland

Beginning in the 13th century, royal and ducal castles were being modernized, expanding functionality of existing buildings (Wawel Castle, Legnica Castle). Construction of new castle began. As this initially required consent of the ruler, the oldest castles were state-built. Initially, in the 13th century, the characteristic elements of the locks were placed in a role within the wood-earth castles, so the first castles were irregular in shape (e.g., in Opole). After the mid-13th century abandoned the construction palatiów to be connected rather with the earlier epoch. Regular shape of castles spread throughout the Polish Kingdom in the reign of Casimir the Great, and built them into this shape, even in areas of previous castles (Rawa, Łęczyca, Koło). Castles and monasteries built by Joannites (Stare Drawsko, Łagów, Swobnica, Pęzino) and the Teutonic Order, in the state created by them in Prussia (Malbork, Radzyń Chełmiński, Niedzica) and bishops (in Lipowiec). The castles were built or final defense towers (known as stołp) and residential towers (donżon). The best preserved Gothic castles are: • in Lesser Poland: Chęciny, Odrzykoń, Czorsztyn, Niedzica, Kazimierz Dolny, Bobolice, Będzin, Lipowiec, Ogrodzieniec and others on Trail of the Eagles' Nests • in northern Poland: built by the Teutonic Order in Malbork, Nidzica, Golub, Radzyń Chełmiński, Gniew; or on their strongholds modeled (usually built on the estates of bishops) in Kwidzyn, Lidzbark Warmiński, Olsztyn, Reszel. • in Mazovia: Castle in Ciechanów, Czersk, Liw. • in Greater Poland: Castle in the Koło, Szamotuły, Gołańcz, Łęczyca. • in Lower Silesia: Siedlęcin Tower, Bolków, Chojnik, Żmigród, Świny File:Bobolice, Zamek (II).JPG|Bobolice Castle File:20140619 Zamek Ogrodzieniec 3703.jpg|Ogrodzieniec Castle (partially rebuilt) File:Chęciny - zamek...jpg|Castle in Chęciny File:20150411 Zamek w Będzinie 5554.jpg|Będzin Castle File:Zamek książąt mazowieckich w Czersku 1.jpg|Masovian Dukes Castle in Czersk File:Zamek w Ciechanowie.jpg|Masovian Dukes Castle in Ciechanów File:Zamek Królewski w Łęczycy.jpg|Royal Castle in Łęczyca File:646547 Lidzbark Warmiński zamek biskupi 02.JPG|Castle of Warmian Bishops in Lidzbark Warmiński File:Gniew zamek z rogu.JPG|Teutonic Castle in Gniew File:Zamek w Nidzicy.jpg|Teutonic Castle in Nidzica File:Zespół Zamku Krzyżackiego MALBORK 01.jpg|Teutonic Ordensburg in Malbork File:KP, Olsztyn, zamek2.JPG|Castle of Warmian Bishops in Olsztyn File:Zamek radzyn 3.jpg|Teutonic Castle in Radzyń Chełmiński File:Wawel Kurza Stopka tower.PNG|Medieval parts of Wawel Castle in Kraków == Town halls ==

A town hall called Ratusz was a symbol of a city's power in the Middle Ages. Around the town hall were other buildings associated with the function of the urban organism: hall, municipal building, weight, merchant stalls and pillory. Examples of unconverted later Gothic town halls include the Wrocław Town Hall, the Old Town Hall in Toruń and town halls in Chojna, Gdańsk and Szczecin. Only the Gothic tower of the Ratusz town hall in Kraków has survived. The gothic town hall on the Old Town Market Square in Warsaw was demolished in 1820. File:Wroclaw-Rathaus.jpg|Wrocław Town Hall File:Torun Ratusz Staromiejski 2010 03 04 7189.JPG|Toruń Old Town Hall File:Chojna ratusz.jpg|Chojna Town Hall File:Orneta, ratusz.jpg|Orneta Town Hall File:Ayuntamiento Principal, Gdansk, Polonia, 2013-05-20, DD 05.jpg|Gdańsk Town Hall File:Krakow-ratusz2.jpg|Tower of Kraków Town Hall File:SM Pasłęk Ratusz (3) ID 645083.jpg|Pasłęk Town Hall File:Kamień Pomorski ratusz (6).jpg|Kamień Pomorski Town Hall File:Szczecin Ratusz Staromiejski (dron).jpg|Szczecin Town Hall File:Malbork 3036.JPG|Malbork Town Hall File:Morąg, ratusz.JPG|Morąg Town Hall File:StRatuszSrodaSlaska.jpg|Środa Śląska Town Hall File:Sandomierz - Ratusz.jpg|Sandomierz Town Hall File:Lwówek Śląski Ratusz Sień (4).JPG|Lwówek Śląski Town Hall File:2012-04 Głubczyce 22.jpg|Głubczyce Town Hall File:Olsztyn. Stary Ratusz.JPG|Olsztyn Old Town Hall File:Ratusz w Tarnowie, Rynek (-) 2 pavw.JPG|Tarnów Town Hall File:Niederlausitz 08-13 img11 Gubin (PL).jpg|Gubin Town Hall File:Namysłów Ratusz 01.JPG|Namysłów Town Hall File:Żnin, Wieża ratuszowa.jpg|Tower of Żnin Town Hall File:Stargard Szczec ratusz (3).jpg|Stargard Town Hall File:Trzcinsko ratusz kolb8433.JPG|Trzcińsko-Zdrój Town Hall File:Brodnica, Duży Rynek (cropped).JPG|Turret of Brodnica Town Hall == Houses ==

Existing settlements received in the 13th and 14th centuries tracking new laws (usually based on Magdeburg Law). Urban area is usually divided grid of streets perpendicular to the plot by creating a chessboard layout. Residential buildings, in the upper reaches is still built of wood or timber-framed art. In order to prevent the transmission of fire during the fire, often the wall was increased at the border of two adjacent parcels and tracts of gable roof receives addressed to the agent. Facades of houses stepped or triangular peaks. Houses of rich burghers sometimes received in the form of a richer decor. More often it was a topic mimicking polychrome wall, and wimpergi tracery. An example of building in the Gothic style is the house of Copernicus in Torun, in Sandomierz Długosz House, oldest building of Jagiellonian University – Collegium Maius, building on ul. Łazienna 22 in Toruń. File:CopernicusHouse.jpg|Copernicus House, Toruń File:Wislica Dom Dlugosza 20070825 1509.jpg|Długosz House, Wiślica File:Gdansk DomSchlieffow.JPG|Schlieff Tenement in Gdańsk File:Stary Rynek 50 51 Poznań.JPG|Houses in Old Market, Poznań File:Dwór mieszczański, od strony bulwaru filadelfijskiego.jpg|St. George Guildhall in Toruń File:Stargard Szczec kamienica gotycka (2).jpg|Protzen House, Stargard == Town walls and town gates ==

The city walls surrounded, sometimes in place of the earlier shafts and such investment is carried out for many years, making frequent upgrades. Older consolidation often was increased. The sequence is often interrupted by walls tower. Cities sometimes receive a new, second belt walls (e.g., Wrocław, Toruń). Leading to the ornate gates of cities often preceded the late Gothic period barbakanami connected with them neck. First this form of defense on Polish soil was established in Toruń – Barbican Starotoruński of 1426, the best preserved in Poland barbican Barbican in Kraków. To this day preserved fragments of walls, of which most survived the gate, for example, in Szydłów, Sandomierz, Kraków St. Florian's Gate and the Kraków barbican. Significant parts of the walls have been preserved in Stargard, Pyrzyce, Byczyna, Toruń. In Chełmno and Paczków city walls are preserved almost in its entirety. File:Szydlow 20060619 1304 1.jpg|Kraków Gate, Szydłów File:Brama florianska.jpg|St. Florian's Gate, Kraków File:Olsztyn, Wysoka Brama..jpg|High Gate in Olsztyn File:Legnica, Brama Głogowska i wieża Świętej Jadwigi Zamku Piastowskiego -Aw58- 24.03.2012 r..JPG|Gothic towers in Legnica File:Wieża Katowska, Prudnik 2018.11.05 (03).jpg|Katowska and Mała Towers with a fragment of the town wall, Prudnik File:Brama Mostowa, Toruń.JPG|Mostowa Gate in Toruń File:2015 Brama Wodna w Bystrzycy Kłodzkiej 02.jpg|Water Tower in Bystrzyca Kłodzka File:635489 Gdańsk Brama Mariacka 04.JPG|St. Mary's Gate in Gdańsk File:Barbakan w Warszawie - 03.jpg|Barbican in Warsaw File:Alians PL,CracowGateInTheTeamOfTheCityWallsLublin,2020-07-24,IMG 0309.jpg|Kraków Gate in Lublin == Churches ==

Gothic churches can be found all over Poland, especially in major cities of late medieval Poland, including Kraków, Wrocław, Gdańsk. The St. Mary's Church in Gdańsk is the largest brick church in the world. The Pelplin Cathedral in Pelplin, Pomerania is one of the largest churches in Poland. Kraków's St. Mary's Basilica and Wawel Cathedral are among the most recognisable landmarks in all of Poland. File:Wawel katedra2.jpg|Wawel Cathedral in Kraków File:Bazylika archikatedralna św. Jana Chrzciciela w Warszawie 2020.jpg|St. John's Cathedral in Warsaw File:Gdansk 2023 106.jpg|St. Mary's Church, Gdańsk File:Katedra św. Jana Chrzciciela nr1 e83.jpg|Wrocław Cathedral File:Krakow CorpusChristiChurch G28.jpg|Corpus Christi Basilica in Kraków File:Frauenburger Dom 2010.jpg|Frombork Cathedral File:Kraków - St. Mary Church 01.JPG|St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków File:Kraków - Trinity Church 01.jpg|Dominicans Church, Kraków File:Katedra p.w. Wniebowzięcia NMP we Włocławku1 N. Chylińska.JPG|Cathedral Church in Włocławek File:Torun kosciol sw Jakuba od Szpitalnej.jpg|St. Jacob Church, Toruń File:Widok kościóła św. Janów w Toruniu, ulica Żeglarska.Widok z platformy widokowej - panoramio.jpg|Cathedral, Toruń File:Wrocław, kościół św. Marii Magdaleny.jpg|St. Mary Magdalene Church, Wrocław File:Wroclaw- kosciol Michala Archaniola.jpg|St. Michael Archangel Church, Wrocław 598582 Wrocław Bazylika Elżbiety 01.JPG|St. Elizabeth's Church, Wrocław File:Iglesia de la Santa Cruz, Breslavia, Polonia, 2017-12-20, DD 15.jpg|Holy Cross Church, Wrocław File:Wroclaw swDorotyStanislawaWaclawa.jpg|St. Dorothea Church, Wrocław File:Szydlow church 20060619 1235.jpg|St. Ladislaus Church, Szydłów File:Kolegiata Dobre Miasto 1.JPG|Collegiate church, Dobre Miasto File:Gdańsk. Kościół Św. Katarzyny - panoramio (1).jpg|St. Catherine Church, Gdańsk File:Katedra w Pelplinie (2025).jpg|Cathedral, Pelplin File:Kościół parafialny pw. św. Jana Chrzciciela w Ornecie (miasto)A-185 -Magkrys.JPG|St. John the Baptist Church, Orneta ==Other buildings==

File:Gdańsk (DerHexer) 2010-07-12 072.jpg|St. George Manor, Gdańsk File:Gdansk Wielki Mlyn.jpg|Great Mill, Gdańsk File:2014 Kłodzko, most gotycki 15.jpg|Gothic Bridge on millrace, Kłodzko File:Arsenał Miejski, Wrocław 1.jpg|Arsenal, Wrocław File:Stargard Archiwum.jpg|Arsenal, Stargard File:2012.05.08 MALBORK (231).JPG|Palace Great Masters in Malbork File:Malbork zamek 21.jpg|Refectory in Malbork Castle File:SM Prudnik Wieża Zamkowa Woka 2018 (0) ID 628462.jpg|Wok's Tower, Prudnik ==See also==