The idea of political obligation was renewed by
Thomas Hill Green around the late 1800s. Green discussed the idea as "obedience to the law." A more detailed look at the term can be traced to
Socrates and
Plato.
Dudley Knowles considered the topic in his book
Political Obligation: A Critical Introduction. The idea of political obligation is philosophical, focusing on the morality of laws, rather than justice. Discussion of political obligation grew during the era of
social contract theory, in which
Thomas Hobbes and
John Locke were crucial in explaining the idea and its importance. During the Enlightenment period, the concept of political obligation developed more and more as philosophers started to question where the authority and political legitimacy of state power came from. Thomas Hobbes argued that individuals should give up their rights to a sovereign (ruler) for order and stability. On the other hand, John Locke emphasized that governments are only legitimate if they protect an individuals natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Locke was more in favor of individual rights and protections. Also, citizens have the right to revolt if those rights are violated. This debate between absolute authority and control of power is still very relevant in discussions today around political philosophy.
Socrates The earliest understanding of political obligation can be traced back to the teachings of Socrates. One account recalls his imprisonment and death sentence for "corrupting the morals of the youth". Instead of escaping, he chose to stay and accept his punishment, as he found it morally wrong to evade his punishment. In
Crito, Socrates describes the struggle man has with the rule of law and the connection it has with political obligation. == Divinity and morality ==