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Pontifical university and athenaeum

A pontifical university or athenaeum is a highly distinguished and authoritative ecclesiastical university of the highest standing, established or approved directly by the Holy See. It is traditionally composed of three principal ecclesiastical faculties and one other faculty. According to the apostolic constitution Veritatis gaudium, an institution with four ecclesiastical faculties is canonically erected as an Pontifical University, while one with three ecclesiastical faculties is erected as an Pontifical Athenaeum. These academic institutes deal specifically with Christian philosophy and related disciplines, and the Church's mission of spreading the Gospel, as proclaimed in the apostolic constitution Sapientia christiana. As of 2018, they are governed by the apostolic constitution Veritatis gaudium issued by Pope Francis on 8 December 2017.

Academic structure
Pontifical universities follow a European system of study hour calculation, granting the baccalaureate, the licentiate, and the ecclesiastical doctorate. These ecclesiastical degrees are prerequisites to certain offices in the Roman Catholic Church, especially considering that bishop candidates are selected mainly from priests who are doctors of sacred theology (S.T.D.) or canon law (J.C.D.) and that ecclesiastical judges and canon lawyers must have at least the Licentiate of Canon Law (J.C.L.). In 2003, the Holy See took part in the Bologna Process, a series of meetings and agreements between European states designed to foster comparable quality standards in higher education, and in the "Bologna Follow-up Group". Pope Benedict XVI established the Agency for the Evaluation and Promotion of Quality in Ecclesiastical Universities and Faculties (AVEPRO), an attempt to promote and develop a culture of quality within the ecclesiastical institutions and enable them to aim in developing internationally valid quality criteria. == List of pontifical universities ==
List of pontifical universities
ArgentinaPontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires BelgiumKatholieke Universiteit Leuven, LeuvenUniversité catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve BoliviaThe Royal and Pontifical Major University of Saint Francis Xavier of Chuquisaca BrazilPontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas • Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia • Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte • Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, São Paulo • Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba • Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro • Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre CanadaPontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto • Regis College, TorontoSaint Paul University, Ottawa ChilePontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago • Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso, Valparaíso ColombiaPontifical Bolivarian University, Medellín • Pontifical Xavierian University, Bogotá Dominican RepublicPontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santo Domingo, Santiago de Los Caballeros, and Puerto Plata. EcuadorPontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito FranceInstitut Catholique de Paris, Paris • Institut Catholique de Toulouse, Toulouse GermanyCatholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt & Ingolstadt GuatemalaUniversidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City IndiaPontifical Athenaeum Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram, Bangalore IrelandSt Patrick's College, Maynooth, Maynooth; Pontifical University charter 1896 Italy (Pontifical Institutes and Faculties are listed in the Ecclesiastical Universities article, while here are the Pontifical Universities and Atheneum.) • Pontifical Atheneum of St. Anselm (Anselmianum), Rome • Pontifical Athenaeum Queen of the Apostles (Regina Apostolorum), Rome • Pontifical Gregorian University (Gregoriana), Rome • Pontifical Lateran University (Lateranensis), Rome • Pontifical University of the Holy Cross (Santa Croce), Rome • Pontifical University of St. Anthony (Antonianum), Rome • Pontifical Theological Faculty of St. Bonaventure (Seraphicum), Rome • Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum), Rome • Pontifical Urbaniana University (Urbaniana), Rome • Salesian Pontifical University (Salesiana), Rome Ivory CoastUniversité Catholique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Abidjan KenyaCatholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi LebanonHoly Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik • Saint Joseph University, Beirut MexicoPontifical University of Mexico, Mexico City • Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico MontenegroPontifical Catholic University of Montenegro, Kotor PanamaUniversidad Católica Santa María La Antigua, Panama City ParaguayUniversidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Asuncion PeruRoyal and Pontifical University of San Marcos (UNMSM) • Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima PhilippinesThe Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila PolandPontifical University of John Paul II, Krakow PortugalCatholic University of Portugal, Lisbon Puerto RicoPontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce SpainComillas Pontifical University, Madrid • Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca & Madrid • University of Navarra, Pamplona UkraineSuperior Institute of Religious Sciences of St. Thomas Aquinas, Kyiv; since 1992. An institution of higher education in Kyiv (Ukraine), conducted by the Dominican Friars of the Vicariate General of Ukraine and affiliated to the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum). United StatesBoston College, theology faculty • Catholic University of America, Washington, DC • Georgetown University, theology faculty • Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto RicoPontifical College Josephinum, Columbus, OhioEcclesiastical Faculty of Theology (at the University of Saint Mary of the Lake), Mundelein, IL • Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University (at Santa Clara University), Berkeley, CA • St. Mary's Seminary and University, Baltimore, MD UruguayUniversidad Católica del Uruguay Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga, Montevideo Former pontifical universitiesHeidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany, until the German Reformation in 1518 • Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany, until the German Reformation in 1518 • Lund Studium Generale, Lund, Sweden, until the Danish ReformationRoyal and Pontifical University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, until 1856, during the presidency of Justo José de UrquizaRoyal and Pontifical University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, until the Mexican War of IndependenceSapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, until the Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1870. • Universidad Católica de Santo Tomás de Villanueva, Havana, Cuba, until its closure in 1961, after the Cuban RevolutionUniversidad de San Ignacio, Manila, Philippines, until 1768, after the Expulsion of the JesuitsUniversidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (then in Haiti), until 1823, during the Unification of HispaniolaUniversity of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, Scotland, until the Scottish ReformationUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, until the English ReformationUniversity of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, until the French Revolutionary WarsUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, until the Danish ReformationUniversity of Erfurt, until the German ReformationUniversity of Freiburg, until the suppression of the Society of JesusUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, until the Scottish Reformation • University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, until the German Reformation • University of Mainz, until the French Revolutionary WarsUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, England, until the English Reformation • University of Paris, Paris, France, until the French Revolution in 1793 • University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany, until the German Reformation • University of Saint Andrews, Saint Andrews, Scotland, until the Scottish Reformation • University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru, until the Peruvian War of IndependenceUniversity of Tübingen, until the German Reformation • University of Wittenberg, until the German Reformation • University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, until the Napoleonic WarsUppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, until the Swedish ReformationMilltown Institute of Theology and Philosophy, Dublin, Ireland. Pontifical Athenaeum (1968-2015) • Heythrop College, University of London; Bellarmine Institute, London, United Kingdom, until the closure of the college in 2018, when the Pontifical faculty was transferred to St Mary's University, Twickenham, becoming Mater Ecclesiae College. • Pontifical College of Saint Pius X of Đà Lạt, Đà Lạt, Việt Nam; officially closed in 1977 after the Fall of Saigon, confiscated by the government in 1980 ==Pontifical faculties==
Pontifical faculties
• Pontifical Faculty of Philosophy and Theology, Heiligenkreuz Abbey, Heiligenkreuz • Theological Faculty, Catholic-Theological Private University Linz, Linz • Facoltà di Teologia di Lugano, Lugano • Marianum Theological Faculty, Rome • Pontifical Faculty at the University of Saint Mary of the Lake (Mundelein Seminary), Mundelein, IL • Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception (PFIC), Dominican House of Studies, Washington, DC • School of Theology and Religious Studies, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC • Wedabhakti Pontifical Faculty of Theology, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta ==Pontifical colleges==
Pontifical colleges
A number of national Roman Colleges designated as Pontifical Colleges serve primarily as residence halls for seminarians sent by the bishops of a particular country to study there, such as the Belgian Pontifical College. They may also provide housing for priests pursuing advanced degrees. Students may take classes at the Gregorian, the Angelicum or other universities in Rome. In addition, other members of the clergy may reside there when in Rome. == See also ==
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