At inception According to the
1936 Constitution of the USSR, as in force as enacted originally (and thus, at the establishment of the Presidium), the basic powers of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR were: •
interpretation of current
Soviet laws; • dissolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the basis of Article 47 of the 1936 Constitution of the USSR and scheduling new
elections: implementing a national
referendum on its own initiative or at the request of one of the republics of the Union. •
abrogation of decrees, issued by the
Council of Ministers and Council of Ministers of the republics of the Union in case there is a discrepancy with the law; • relieving the
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of his job and appointing Ministers of the USSR (between sessions of the Supreme Soviet) with the subsequent submittal for the Supreme Soviet's approval; • establishment of
orders and
medals of the USSR and implementing the awarding procedures. • establishment of honorary
titles of the USSR and their assignment. • realization of the right to
pardon; • appointment and dismissal of the executive command of the
Soviet Armed Forces; • establishment of
military and
diplomatic ranks and other special ranks; • declaration of the general and partial
mobilization; •
declaration of war in case of an attack on the USSR or in case when it was necessary to implement
obligations of international mutual defense treaties; •
ratification and
denunciation of international treaties, signed by the USSR; • representation of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (between its sessions) in its relations with
parliaments of foreign countries; • appointment and dismissal of Soviet
plenipotentiaries in foreign countries; • receiving of
Letters of Credence and
Letters of Recall from foreign diplomatic representatives, accredited in the USSR; • declaration of the
martial law in a given region or across the USSR in the interest of defending the USSR or preserving public order and state security. The presidium also dealt with questions regarding the acquisition of the Soviet
citizenship, its forfeiting or voluntary rejection. When the Supreme Soviet was not in session, the Presidium carried out the Supreme Soviet's ordinary functions. It was also empowered to issue decrees in lieu of law, which were to be submitted to the Supreme Soviet at its next session. If such decrees were not ratified by the Supreme Soviet, they were to be considered revoked. In practice, the Supreme Soviet's infrequent sessions (it usually sat for only one week per year) and the principles of
democratic centralism meant that Presidium decrees
de facto had the force of law. It was not unheard of for the
CPSU Politburo to bypass the full Supreme Soviet and enact major laws as Presidium decrees. While the Supreme Soviet's power of veto was almost never exercised in practice, it was not unheard of for the Politburo to enact Presidium decrees into legislation without even the formality of submitting them to the full Supreme Soviet for ratification. As party members made up the majority of members of the presidium, in such plenary sessions or extraordinary ones wherein the Chairman of the Presidium or any high ranking
CC-CPSU introduces a relevant CC decision for the resolution of the Presidium or if any decrees would be passed by it, they voted thus in the manner prescribed by the Constitution and laws to wilt that any absolute majority of deputies voting in favor thus approved the law, the same number voting not in favor (not unlike the ones as mentioned before) produced a veto on the draft legislation.
At abolition According to the
1977 Constitution of the USSR, as in force at the union's dissolution (and thus, at the abolition of the Presidium), the basic powers of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR were: • organization of the work of the Supreme Soviet; • preparation of meetings of the
Congress of People's Deputies and sessions of the Supreme Soviet; • coordination of the work of the committees of the Supreme Soviet; • organization of nationwide discussion of legislative bills and "other very important matters" in the national level provided that these would be dealt by a plenary of the whole of the Supreme Soviet. By then, most of the Presidium's former powers were reassigned to the whole Supreme Soviet and to the
President of the USSR. ==List of chairmen==