Origins and ministerial rank The history of the Presidency of the Government dates back to 1834. On this date, the
Royal Statute was promulgated, creating for the first time an executive power differentiated but not separated from the
Crown, led by the prime minister (at that time called the president of the Council of Ministers). From this moment, a series of officials were appointed and a series of offices were established to assist the chief executive, which gave rise to the "Presidency of the Council of Ministers". These personnel assisting the prime minister were assigned to the
Ministry of State, since in the first years of the
Spanish constitutionalism the president of the Council of Ministers was also
secretary or minister of State. In 1851, for the first time, a specific budgetary item —titled "Expenses of the Secretariat and Presidency of the Council of Ministers" — was established, within the section of the Ministry of State; and later a section of its own would be created. That same year, the importance of the Presidency continued to increase, granting it powers over some matters related to
overseas territories —except for matters related to the Treasury, War and Navy— and creating the Directorate-General for Overseas and the Overseas Council, both assigned to the Presidency of the council, and was given its own structure and budget, which for the year 1853 amounted to 1.7 million
reales. It also managed the
General Archive of the Indies and the General Superintendence of Finance of the Indies. In 1854 the Overseas responsibilities were transferred to the Ministry of State, maintaining only a secretariat. In 1856 the
Statistical Commission of the Kingdom was created and attached to the Presidency. During the next few years, a large part of its allocation corresponded to statistical services, with a budget of 3.5 million reales in 1859 or 11.6 million in 1860, leaving only 170,000 reales for personnel and material resources of the Presidency. From this decade it also assumed the assignment of the
Council of State, an advisory body headed by the prime minister, and in 1870 the statistical, geographical and cadastral powers definitively transferred to the
Ministry of Development. From 1865 to 1870 several reforms were made to the Office of the Prime Minister to resemble a
ministerial department, including the creation of an
undersecretariat. In 1871 the Presidency was moved to a central property in
Madrid, known as
Casa de los Heros, and it was established a new budgetary item for the conservation and maintenance of the building. Likewise, that same year, on January 26, the Archive of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (today of the Government) was created, which today also acts as the Central Archive of the
Ministry of the Presidency. During the brief
First Republic, between 1873 and 1874, it was called the "Presidency of the Executive Branch of the Republic", maintaining structure and powers. presiding over a
Council of Ministers at the beginning of the 20th century. The
economic protectionism that was imposed in Spain in the last decades of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, led to the approval of the Law of 14 February 1907, which established that only national products could be purchased by the Public Administrations. To ensure compliance with the law, the Commission for the Protection of National Production was established, which was attached to the Presidency. Likewise, in 1914, the Office of the Civil Comptroller for War and Navy and for the
Protectorate of Morocco was created in this department.
20th century changes During the
dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, various changes occurred. On the one hand, in December 1925 the
Undersecretariat of the Presidency was abolished (until 1930) and the
Directorate-General for Morocco and Colonies was created. On the other hand, in 1928 the Ministry of State was integrated into the Presidency, and the department was renamed to "Presidency and Foreign Affairs". It didn't last long; With the fall of the dictator in 1930, the
departments were reestablished as they were at the beginning of the dictatorship. During the
Second Republic, more powers were added to the Presidency, regarding population and land organization through the Parceling and Colonization Section of the Directorate-General for Social Action and in aeronautical matters, with a Directorate-General for Aeronautics. After the
Civil War and the
dictatorship was imposed, in 1939 it was renamed as "Presidency of the Government" —linked to the Head of State—, a name that continues to this day. During the first years, some organizations attached to the Presidency were created to control some industries, such as the Government Delegation in the Steel Industries, the Railway Material Commissariat or the Delegation for Transport Planning, among others. In 1942, the Directorate-General for Morocco, which had been in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 1939, returned to the Presidency. ,
Luis Carrero Blanco (civilian, center), in 1947. Four years later, his post would be elevated to the rank of minister. After the appointment of
Luis Carrero Blanco as
Under Secretary of the Presidency in 1941, this body became a key piece of the regime, with Carrero Blanco being the dictator's right hand. So much so, that in 1951 the position was given the rank of
minister, being the seed of the current
Ministry of the Presidency that today assists the prime minister and the collective bodies of the
Government. During the decades of 1950 and 1960, the Minister-Under Secretary of the Presidency was the promoter of the administrative reforms. In 1957 the
Official State Gazette was assigned to him, the Office for Coordination and Economic Programming was created in the field of the Technical General Secretariat and the powers regarding civil servants were centralized, with the creation of the Centre for Training and Improvement of Civil Servants (in 1958, currently National Institute of Public Administration), the Higher Personnel Commission and the
Directorate-General for the Civil Service. In 1968, a series of decrees were approved that reorganized the services of the Presidency, establishing six management bodies —Undersecretariat, Commissariat for the Economic and Social Development Plan, Technical General Secretariat, Directorate-General for the Civil Service and the Directorate-General for the Geographic and Cadastral Institute—, five consultative and advisory bodies —
Council of State, Council of National Economy, Higher Personnel Commission, Advisory Commission for Scientific and Technical Research and Commission for Income and Prices—, three organizations autonomous bodies—National Industry Institute, the National School of Public Administration and the Official State Gazette—and six other organizations of different categories.
Ministry of the Presidency and loss of ministerial rank In 1973, the dictator decided to separate the Presidency of the Government from the Head of State, appointing Luis Carrero Blanco as prime minister. Also, in January 1974 the position of Minister-Undersecretary of the Presidency was divided into two, formally creating the
Ministry of the Presidency. (1976–1981), the modern Office of the Prime Minister took shape. After these events, the line that separates the bodies of the Presidency of the Government from the bodies of the Ministry of the Presidency is blurred and will not be clarified until 1976. In that year, the minister of the Presidency,
Alfonso Osorio, approves a Royal Decree which determines which bodies are integrated in his department, that is, in the Ministry of the Presidency, and which bodies are part of the Presidency of the Government (the Office of the Prime Minister), answering directly to the chief of the executive. This was done two months after prime minister
Adolfo Suárez, appointed Carmen Díez de Rivera as the first
Moncloa Chief of Staff, creating
de facto the
Cabinet Office. In 1977 another differentiation was established between the Ministry and the Presidency of the Government, establishing that the Ministry of the Presidency was a body to assist the prime minister, integrated into the Office of the Prime Minister. Thus, in 1977 the Presidency was made up of: the Ministry of the Presidency, the advisors of the prime minister, the Cabinet Office and the prime minister's private secretariat. Once this was clarified, it was clear that the Presidency of the Government had lost its ministerial status, handing it over to a new department headed by the minister of the Presidency with exclusive dedication, while the Presidency was an undefined entity composed of those bodies and advisors that the head of government considers it appropriate to create or appoint, although always assisted financially and organically by the Ministry of the Presidency. Likewise, since the 1980s, differentiated royal decrees have been approved that separately regulate the Presidency of the Government and the Ministry of the Presidency. In 2015, although it did not formally restore its ministerial rank, the Legal Regime of the Public Sector Act, when it regulates the Ministries (Chapter II of Title I), it does foreseen the existence of the Presidency and it established the same regulation for the Presidency and the rest of ministries. == Organization ==