Birth . Behind the Emperor are his children by
order of precedence: Pedro, Januária, Paula and Francisca. Paula was born on 17 February 1823 at the
Paço de São Cristóvão in
Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian capital; one week later, the princess was baptized Paula Mariana Joana Carlota Faustina Matias Francisca Xavier de Paula Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga by
Bishop José Caetano da Silva Coutinho, at the
Imperial Chapel. The last four names were always bestowed on members of the royal family and the name Paula honored
São Paulo, where the independence (see below) had been signed. She was the third daughter of Emperor Dom Pedro I and his first wife Archduchess Leopoldina of Austria. Through her father, she was a member of the Brazilian branch of the
House of Braganza, which was an illegitimate branch of the
House of Aviz. She was thus a granddaughter of
King João VI. Through her mother, she was a niece of
Napoleon and a first cousin of
Franz Joseph I of Austria. As the daughter of a member of the ruling Portuguese royal house, Paula was referred to by the honorific
Dona (
Lady) from birth. The year before Paula's birth, the
independence of Brazil had been declared in September 1822; as Pedro only had daughters, Paula was supposed to have been fourth in the line of succession to the Portuguese throne. However, under Portuguese law, Paula was a foreigner having been born after the independence and was thus excluded from the line of succession. However, her elder sister
Maria da Glória was not excluded from the succession having been born in 1819; she ascended the Portuguese throne after the death of João VI and the abdication of Pedro on 28 May 1826. Instead of her mother, Paula was suckled by the same wet nurse who would later suckle
the Prince Imperial.
Life On 11 December 1826, Empress Leopoldina died after either giving birth to a
stillborn son or suffering a
miscarriage. However, at the time there were rumors that purported Pedro had actually killed Leopoldina during a heated discussion. Supposedly, Pedro had kicked Leopoldina in the womb, causing her to have a miscarriage and die.
Domitila de Castro, Pedro's longtime mistress, and Philipp von Mareschal, the Austrian minister in Brazil, had witnessed the quarrel and Mareschal stated that the couple exchanged only insults and nothing else. Pedro greatly missed his wife and arranged a second marriage, this time to Napoleon's step-granddaughter,
Amélie de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg. The two were married on 17 October 1829. Amélie became like a mother to Pedro's five surviving children,
Maria da Glória (born 1819),
Januária (born 1822), Paula,
Francisca (born 1824) and
the Prince Imperial (born 1825), all of whom adored their new mother. The Emperor abdicated the Brazilian throne of 7 April 1831 and left Brazil for Portugal in order to support his eldest daughter's
claim to the Portuguese throne. Pedro's vessel left that very morning and Pedro, now styling himself "the Duke of Braganza", took with him Amélie, Maria da Glória and his sister
Ana de Jesus. The children never saw their father or stepmother again. Before he left, Pedro had appointed
José Bonifácio de Andrada as legal guardian,
Mariana de Verna Coutinho to continue as
aia, and an
afro-Brazilian war veteran named Rafael to generally tend to his children. Out of these three, Rafael remained loyal to the Emperor until his death in 1889. Left with no one else, the children formed close bonds with each other, they were even "dependent on each other." Besides this, the three sisters were obedient and helpful towards their brother, who was now Emperor of Brazil and outranked them. The children regularly attended Glória Church, studied, played and had meals as a family; this is something that Bonifácio and Coutinho tended to personally. On 9 April 1831, the Prince Imperial was acclaimed as the new Emperor. While the Emperor was displayed at a palace window, his sisters stood by him. Meanwhile, in Paris, Amélie gave birth to a daughter,
Princess Maria Amélia.
Death , where Paula was born, lived and died. 1817 painting by Debret. Paula was described as "filled with peace, fortitude and resignation", or "the most quiet and gentle of Leopoldina and Pedro's children" and seldom complained, even though she had suffered from frequent health problems ever since infancy; she was often so sick that she could not do her lessons with her siblings. She had never been robust or entirely healthy until the middle of 1831, when she had a bout of strength: she was able to lead an active life and grew taller. However, at the end of 1832, she became severely ill. Historian Roderick Barman suggests that Paula had
meningitis; however scholar Mick Isle introduces the theory that Paula had
malaria. Isle further states that the royal doctors administered
quinine (both orally and anally), soups,
leeches,
mustard plaster and applied acidic substances to her skin; this made the Princess "scream out in pain." Nonetheless, these techniques were useless, for Paula died on 16 January 1833, one month shy of her tenth birthday. Upon learning of his daughter's impending death, the Duke of Braganza, who was in
Porto, made two requests to Bonifácio: "the first is to keep for me a bit of her beautiful hair; the second is to place her in the convent of Our Lady of Good Aid and in the same spot where her good mother, my Leopoldina for whom even today I still shed tears of longing, is located ... I ask you as a father, as a pitiful desolate father, to do me a favor and go in person to deposit next to the body of her mother this fruit of her womb and on this occasion pray for one and other." Paula was given a grand
state funeral which was not seen again until the death of Pedro II's son,
Prince Imperial Afonso, in 1847. Her current burial place is in Rio de Janeiro's Convent of Saint Anthony, next to her brother
João Carlos and later her nephews Afonso and
Pedro. Her death made her siblings feel even more abandoned. In 1834, the Duke of Braganza also died. == Ancestry ==