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Province of Cádiz

Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the southernmost part of mainland Spain, as well as the southernmost part of continental Europe.

Political and traditional subdivisions (comarcas)
The province encompasses 44 municipalities; besides its capital, other important cities are Jerez and Algeciras. (See the list of municipalities in Cádiz.) According to a roster developed by the Council of Tourism and Sport of Andalusia on 27 March 2003, there are officially six traditional or touristic comarcas (provincial areas or counties) in the Province of Cádiz: • Bahía de Cádiz (Bay of Cádiz) • Campiña de Jerez (Countryside of Jerez) • Campo de Gibraltar (Countryside of Gibraltar) • Bajo Guadalquivir (Lower Guadalquivir, or Northwest Coast, Costa Noroeste) • La JandaSierra de Cádiz (Cádiz Mountains) Bay of Cádiz (Bahía de Cádiz) This area comprises towns and cities on the shores of the Bay of Cádiz on the west-central coast of the province: • CádizChiclanaEl Puerto de Santa MaríaPuerto RealSan Fernando San Fernando - Panteón de Marinos Ilustres.JPG|Panteón de Marinos Ilustres Plaza de Toros de El Puerto de Santa María 1.JPG|The bullring at El Puerto cadizcathedral.jpg|The cathedral at Cádiz Islote de Sancti Petri desde la playa de Chiclana.jpg|Sancti Petri beach Campiña de Jerez (Countryside of Jerez) This fertile area only includes two municipalities, both large in area: • Jerez de la FronteraSan José del Valle Alcázar Jerez.JPG|Octagonal tower in the Alcázar of Jerez de la Frontera Lustau 003An2019.jpg|A sherry solera Catedral de Jerez de la Frontera.jpg|Cathedral of Jerez de la Frontera ACaballoFeriaJerez2007.jpg|Horse Riding at Fair of Jerez de la Frontera Campo de Gibraltar (Countryside of Gibraltar) The towns that extend into the rural hinterlands north of Gibraltar are: • AlgecirasJimena de la FronteraCastellar de la FronteraSan RoqueLa Línea de la ConcepciónLos BarriosTarifa View_of_La_Línea_de_la_Concepción,_from_the_Rock_of_Gibraltar.jpg|View of La Línea from the Rock of Gibraltar Plazaaltaalgeciras2.jpg|High plaza at Algeciras Capilla_de_Europa_en_Algeciras_(España).jpg|Chapel of Our Lady of Europe Hozgarganta.jpg|Hozgarganta river Bajo Guadalquivir (Northwest Coast; also called Costa Noroeste) The towns of this area called the "Bajo Guadalquivir" (lower Guadalquivir valley), are: • ChipionaRotaSanlúcar de BarramedaTrebujena Sanlucar barrameda castillo santiago2.jpg|The castle of Santiago in Sanlúcar de Barrameda Sanlucar barrameda salinas.jpg|Salt mine at Sanlúcar sanlucar_barrameda_las_covachas_vista_gral.jpg|Las Covachas Sanlucar_barrameda_carcel_consevatorio.jpg|La Cárcel (now a conservatory) La Janda Towns included in La Janda, an area in the southwestern part of the province, are: • Alcalá de los GazulesBarbateBenalup-Casas ViejasConil de la FronteraMedina SidoniaPaterna de RiveraVejer de la Frontera Medina-Sidonia Marktplatz.jpg|Casa Consistorial, Medina Sidonia Pinien La Brena2004.jpg|La Breña Vejer gen view.jpg|Vejer de la Frontera PNBarbate2.jpg|Beaches Sierra de Cádiz (Cádiz Mountains) Towns included in the Cádiz Mountains area, in the northeastern part of the province, include: • Alcalá del ValleAlgarAlgodonalesArcos de la FronteraBenaocazBornosEl BosqueEl GastorEsperaGrazalemaOlveraPrado del ReyPuerto SerranoSetenil de las BodegasTorre AlháquimeUbriqueVillaluenga del RosarioVillamartínZahara de la Sierra Setenil_vista_%286%29.JPG|Setenil Alcazaba and Town (1).jpg|Zahara de la Sierra Vulture beak sideview A.jpg|Griffon vultures are common in Alcalá del Valle GrazalemaDesdeEndrinal.jpg|Grazalema from Endrinal mountains ==Population==
Population
The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:30 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1400 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal AlignBars = late ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:50 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo PlotData= color:skyblue width:20 shift:(-60,-5) fontsize:M anchor:till bar:1877 from:0 till: 405 text: 405,388 bar:1887 from:0 till: 410 text: 410,426 bar:1900 from:0 till: 437 text: 436,994 bar:1910 from:0 till: 447 text: 447,056 bar:1920 from:0 till: 514 text: 514,257 bar:1930 from:0 till: 512 text: 511,591 bar:1940 from:0 till: 590 text: 590,211 bar:1950 from:0 till: 693 text: 693,267 bar:1960 from:0 till: 813 text: 812,680 bar:1970 from:0 till: 879 text: 878,602 bar:1980 from:0 till: 988 text: 988,388 bar:1990 from:0 till:1078 text:1,078,404 bar:2000 from:0 till:1116 text:1,116,491 bar:2010 from:0 till:1245 text:1,244,732 bar:2020 from:0 till:1244 text:1,244,049 TextData= pos:(35,20) fontsize:M text:"Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE" ==Climate==
Climate
The entire province of Cádiz has a Mediterranean climate, mostly Köppen Csa but also Csb in high altitude areas. Large differences in summer temperatures exist between the three official stations in Cádiz, Jerez, and Tarifa depending on position relative to the coastline. Tarifa is exceptionally mild for such a southerly place in Spain, meanwhile winter temperatures are mild throughout the province with less difference between localities than in summer. Average yearly rainfall is in Cádiz, in Jerez, and in Tarifa. This is comparable to much cloudier climates further north in Europe, in spite of the high number of sunshine hours in the province. The Cádiz region is also much wetter than the arid Almería province further east in Andalusia. ==Economy==
Economy
In 2014 the unemployment rate was 42%, the highest in the country. The main industry is tourism, mainly from non-coastal Spanish cities, Germany and the UK. Its once-important shipbuilding industry (Astilleros) is now in crisis due to competition from South Korea and China. There are factories of Airbus and Delphi. It also exports sherry as well as alimentary products. Primary sectorSherry productionJohn Harvey & Sons in Jerez de la FronteraGonzalez ByassOlive grovesFishing Ports, as in Cádiz and Algeciras. • Cork products from the Alcornocales cork-oak forests Major industrial facilitiesNavantiaAirbusCASADelphiFordCepsaLufthansa CityLineEndesaAcerinox ==Tourism==
Tourism
Beaches The province of Cádiz has many kilometres of beaches and (as of 2005) the highest number of Blue Flags of all coastal provinces in Europe. Some of these beaches are relatively wild and far from big urban areas. One of the attractions of the area is its contrast to the mass tourism on the Mediterranean coast. There are extensive nature reserves in the region and the unspoilt feel of the area is heightened by the presence of wild animals including cows and horses on many stretches of beach. The Costa de la Luz has traditionally been a popular destination for Spaniards wanting to enjoy the beach while avoiding the stifling heat of the Mediterranean Coast, although until recently this largely unspoilt Atlantic coastline was little known to foreign visitors. One of the factors that brought the region to the attention of foreign holidaymakers was the growing realisation that its Southern reaches are one of the world's best locations for wind sports. Tarifa, located on the Strait of Gibraltar at the southernmost point of mainland Europe, has become Europe's foremost kitesurfing destination due to the area's unique wind phenomena, reliably sunny summer weather and the variety of beaches at locations such as Los Canos de Meca, Bolonia, Punta Paloma and, most famously, Playa de Los Lances where in the summer months you will often see over 1,000 kites in the air. The local economy has benefited significantly from the wind sport explosion: there are more than 50 kite schools in Tarifa and hundreds of shops, bars and hotels serving the many thousands of kitesurfers who visit every year. Notable beaches: • Playa La Barrosa in Chiclana de la FronteraPlaya La Victoria in CádizPlaya de Levante in El Puerto de Santa MaríaPlaya de Bolonia in TarifaPlaya de Camposoto in San FernandoLos Canos de MecaPlaya de Los Lances in Tarifa CultureCarnival of CádizFeria de JerezSemana Santa in all municipalities of the Province • Horse racing in Sanlúcar de BarramedaCircuito Permanente de JerezWhite Towns of AndalusiaRuta del Toro Nature Doñana National Park Doñana National Park is one of two national parks in the autonomous community of Andalusia. A small area of the park extends into Cádiz Province, just north of Sanlucar de Barrameda and on the south bank of the Rio Guadalquivir. This area is primarily marismas. The public have access to a recreational area and a short walking trail. There is no direct access to the bulk of the park that lies on the north bank of the river in the provinces of Seville and Huelva. Natural parks =====Bahía de Cádiz Natural Park===== from Chiclana and San Fernando at the end :100 km2, located at the mouth of the Guadalete river, consists of marshland, beaches, reed and sand dunes. :Bird watching. Sailing, windsurfing, hiking. :(Ocean) Pine. Many types of shrubs and bushes. :Gannet solan goose, stork, cormorant, great crested grebe, (sea)gull, flamingo, tern, sea eagle, avocet. =====La Breña y Marismas del Barbate Natural Park===== :37.97 km2, high cliff rock formations covered by pine trees. :Bird watching, archeological and botanical excursions, diving, windsurfing, sailing, hiking. :Strandpine, black juniper tree, black spruce, juniper, small palm tree, rosemary. :Herring gull, chaffinch, greenfinch, cattle egret, little egret, crested tit, woodpecker, kestrel, peregrine falcon. =====La Doñana Natural Park===== :This natural park is shared by three provinces, Cádiz, Huelva and Seville. It is an area to the east and northeast of the national park. :Home of the Iberian lynx, a protected species. =====Los Alcornocales Natural Park===== :Information center in Alcalá de los Gazules; visitors centers in Algeciras and Cortes de la Frontera (Málaga). :1,700.25 km2 in area. :Low mountain range, densely covered by cork oak trees ("Alcornoques"). :Bird watching, archeological and botanical excursions, hiking, mountainbiking, speleology. :Cork oak, olive tree, gall oak, pink rock rose, small palm tree, alder, rhododendron, holly, bracken (fern), cherry tree, laurel. :Sparrow hawk, short-toed snake eagle, booted eagle, goshawk, eagle owl, tawny owl, culture, kestrel, peregrine falcon, wild boar, deer, weasel, (sea)otter, wildcat, mongoose. =====Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park===== from Endrinal mountains :Administration in El Bosque; visitors' center in El Bosque. :516.95 km2 in area. :Limestone formation, transformed to ravines, declines and caves. Large colonies of Spanish fir ("pinsapo"). :Bird watching, archeological and botanical excursions. :Hiking, climbing, mountainbiking, speleology, paragliding. :Spanish fir, cork oak, holm oak, gall oak, carob, oleaster. :Imperial eagle, golden eagle, fish hawk, vulture, Egyptian vulture, mountain goat, deer, mongoose, (sea)otter, fox. =====Straits of Gibraltar Natural Park===== in the strait :Is the most meridional national park of Europe. :Its location at the southernmost point of mainland Spain, and of mainland Europe, at the point where the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea meet in the Strait of Gibraltar, places it on the migratory route for many birds. Natural reserves ::There are eight natural reserves in the province: Complejo Endorreico de Chiclana, Complejo Endorreico de Espera, Complejo Endorreico de Puerto Real, Complejo Endorreico del Puerto de Santa María, Laguna de Medina, Lagunas de las Canteras y el Tejón, Laguna de la Paja, and Peñón de Zaframagón (which straddles the border with the province of Seville.) Natural sites ::There are seven natural sites in the province: Cola del Embalse de Arcos, Cola del Embalse de Bornos, Estuario del Río Guadiaro, Isla del Trocadero, Marismas de Sancti Petri, Marismas del Río Palmones, and Playa de Los Lances. Parques Periurbanos: Pinares y Dunas de San Antón La Suara La Barrosa Natural monuments ::There are five natural monuments in the province: Corrales de Rota, Duna de Bolonia, Punta del Boquerón, Tómbolo de Trafalgar, and Escarpes del Río Trejo en Setenil. ==Transportation==
Transportation
RoadsAutovía A-4Autovía A-7Autovía A-381N-340Autovía A-48 AirportsJerez Airport Railroads • Cádiz-Seville Line • Cercanías Cádiz • Algeciras-Granada Line PortsPort of AlgecirasPort of Cádiz The main ways to enter the province are by road from Seville or Malaga and by the Jerez Airport. ==Notable sports teams==
Notable sports teams
FootballCádiz CF in the Segunda División. (LFP) • Real Balompédica Linense in the Tercera Federación - Group 10. • Algeciras CF in the Primera Federación - Group 2. • Racing Club Portuense in the División de Honour - Group 1. • Xerez CD & Xerez Deportivo in the Segunda Federación - Group 4. • Chiclana CF in the Tercera Federación - Group 10 Rugby UnionCR Atlético Portuense in the 1ª División Regional. == Notes and references==
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