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Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)

The Public Prosecutor's Office is the Brazilian body of independent public prosecutors at both the federal and state level. It operates independently from the three branches of government. The Constitution of 1988 divides the functions of the Public Prosecutor's Office into three different bodies: the Public Procurator's Office, the Public Defender's Office and the Public Prosecutor's Office itself, each one of them an independent body. In addition to that, the Constitution created the Federal Court of Accounts, which is also autonomous in its functions.

Constitution of 1988
Until the Constitution of 1988, Brazil adopted a worldwide-common system: the legal representation of the Union (the federation), the states, the Federal District, and the municipalities, was attributed to the Public Prosecutor's Office, which had a main role as a public ministry of attorneyship and also would act in defense of weaker classes, such as poorer, elder and native people. Hence, the attorneyship was divided between public and private ministry, the first one considered a kind of magistracy. The Union (the federation) was represented by the Federal Public Ministry, and the States were represented by each State Public Ministry. Under the will to develop the protection to civil rights and improve the democratic control of the Government, however, the Constitution created a new system, advancing from the old theory of tripartition, bringing the Essential Offices to the Justice (articles 127 to 135). These Offices included the ''Public Prosecutor's Office, the Public Procurator's Office, the Public Defender's Office'' and the attorneyship itself, which remained private. Although, the new Constitution established a new division of responsibilities, which can be synthesized as the following: • Society's Procuracy: the ''Public Prosecutor's Office''; • Nation's Procuracy: the ''Public Procurator's Office''; • Weaker classes Procuracy: the ''Public Defender's Office''. Thus, the ''Public Prosecutor's Office was put in charge of the defense of society in criminal and civil issues; the Public Procurator's Office was put in charge of the intern control of the Public Administration, policing the acts of the Government, such as the legal representation of the nation in intern and international issues; and the Public Defender's Office'' was put in charge of the defense of the weaker classes. Each Office is independent in its duty to guarantee democracy. ==Branches of the Brazilian Public Ministry==
Branches of the Brazilian Public Ministry
Brazilian Judiciary System is divided not only regionally, but also by the subject of discuss. As such, the Brazilian Public Ministry is divided in 5 branches, designed to match the Judiciary Division. The branches are: • Ministério Público Federal (Federal Public Ministry), in charge of crimes judged by federal courts and federal civil activities. One can say this branch is the "default branch". • Ministério Público do Trabalho (Labour Public Ministry) in charge of keeping and supervising Labour Laws • Ministério Público Militar (Military Public Ministry) in charge of prosecuting military from the 3 Brazilian Armed Forces in their criminal misdoing during duties • Ministério Público do Distrito Federal e dos Territórios (Federal District and the Territories Public Ministry) in charge of justice in the Federal District and in the territories of the Union. Since the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, there are no active territories. • Ministério Público Eleitoral (Electoral Public Ministry) is a mixed branch, composed by both Federal and State Prosecutors. The several State Public Ministries are not divided in branches, but their prosecutor can be specialized in specific subjects. The exception are the few states with an Appeal Military State Court, as they have Military State Prosecutors in an independent branch. ==See also==
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