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Ye Jianying

Ye Jianying was a Chinese Communist revolutionary leader and politician, one of the Ten Marshals of the People's Republic of China. He was the top military leader in the 1976 coup that overthrew the Gang of Four and ended the Cultural Revolution, and was the key supporter of Deng Xiaoping in his power struggle with Hua Guofeng between 1978 and 1981, which ended in Hua fading into political obscurity. In his capacity as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Ye served as China's head of state from 1978 until 1983, being succeeded in that capacity by Li Xiannian with the restoration of the post of Chairman of the People's Republic of China by a new constitution.

Early life
Born Ye Yiwei () into a wealthy Christian Hakka merchant family in an old rural village at Jiaying county, renamed as the Meixian District, Meizhou, Guangdong, in the modern day. His courtesy name was Cangbai () and most of Ye Jianying's siblings died before being adults due to severe illness. In January 1912, Ye graduated from Sanbao Academy with top honors and was admitted to Wuben Middle School in Meixian. That winter, Wuben Middle School merged with three other schools and was converted into a government-run institution. The new principal was a conservative figure, prompting Ye Jianying to organize and lead over 100 students in leaving the school. They relocated to Dongshan Academy in Meicheng. Soon afterward, with the support of progressive intellectuals, students' parents, local gentry and patriotic overseas Chinese, a new school Dongshan Middle School was established at the foot of Dongshan Hill in the county seat and Ye subsequently enrolled there. During this period, he came into contact with progressive publications advocating social reform and served two consecutive terms as president of the student union. In the autumn of 1915, he left Dongshan Middle School before graduation and taught for half a year at Xinqun Primary School in Hengshan, adjacent to Yanyangbao. That winter, he accompanied his father to Southeast Asia, returning to China the following year. ==Military career==
Military career
In the summer of 1917, Ye enrolled in the Yunnan Military Academy. In June 1922, during Chen Jiongming's rebellion, Ye, then serving as a battalion commander in the Naval Landing Corps, led his troops to escort Sun to safety and fought against Chen's forces. Afterward, he went to Fujian to serve as Chief of Staff of the 8th Brigade of the 'Eastern Route Bandit Expeditionary Army', later marching into Guangdong to campaign against Chen. The victory at Yanling Pass made his name widely known. While teaching at Whampoa, he came into contact with many Chinese Communist Party members and was gradually influenced by them, progressively accepting Marxism-Leninism beliefs. In July 1924, at the request of Division Commander Zhang Minda, he returned to the Second Division and led troops to repel the rebel forces of Lin Hu, who were attacking Guangzhou, achieving victory. In May 1925, he became commander of the Newly Organized Regiment of the Second Division and led the regiment in the Second Eastern Expedition. After the meeting, he personally drafted and led the issuance of a telegram openly opposing Chiang. When Chen Keyu, Deputy Commander of the Fourth Army, reported this matter to Chiang, Chiang replied, "Division Commander Ye will not oppose us." When Chen reported again, saying, "Division Commander Ye truly opposes us," Chiang responded, "All right, I know. You may leave." Following the issuance of the anti-Chiang telegram, Ye led a group of left-wing officers out of Ji'an and traveled to Wuhan, where he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army. He also assisted the Soviet Union in its military operations during the attack on the city of Hailar in Heilongjiang. Return to China In the second half of 1930, Ye returned to China and arrived in Shanghai, where he worked with Liu Bocheng and others to translate Soviet military materials, including the Red Army Infantry Combat Regulations and Political Work Regulations. After the Red Army reached northern Shaanxi, he served as Chief of Staff of both the First Front Army and the Central Military Commission. During the subsequent Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign, many generals who had been supported by Lin were removed and military programs Lin had implemented were canceled. The Nine Points Proposal also talked of trade, transportation, and postal services as "three links" across the strait and "four exchanges" in the areas of culture, academics, economics, and sports. == Family ==
Family
Ye married six times and had six children. His sons include Ye Xuanping (1924–2019), Ye Xuanning (1938–2016), and Ye Xuanlian (, born 1952). Ye's granddaughter Robynn Yip (born 1986), daughter of Xuanlian, is a professional musician based in Hong Kong. == Awards ==
Awards
; : : Order of Victory of Resistance against Aggression (1946) ; : : Order of August 1 (1st Class Medal) (1955) : Order of Independence and Freedom (1st Class Medal) (1955) : Order of Liberation (1st Class Medal) (1955) == References ==
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