The Ehrenberg–Siday effect, later known as the
Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon by which a charged particle is affected by
electromagnetic fields in regions from which the particle is excluded. The earliest form of this effect was predicted by Ehrenberg and Siday in 1949, and similar effects were later rediscovered by Aharonov and Bohm in 1959. Such effects are predicted to arise from both
magnetic fields and
electric fields, but the magnetic version has been easier to observe. In general, the consequence of Aharonov–Bohm effects is that knowledge of the classical electromagnetic field acting locally on a particle is not sufficient to predict its quantum-mechanical behavior. == Selected papers ==