Establishment The early history of Soomras is unclear. Ali describes the flight and eventual death by drowning of Hafif (var. Khafif), then-ruler of Sindh, during the faceoff with Mahmud but does not specify whether he was the last Habbarid or first Soomra. According to
André Wink, the Soomras were a dynasty of local origin, later claiming to be Rajputs as well as
Arabs. They have been retrospectively claimed to be
Parmar Rajputs. In
Ain-i-Akbari (16th century) the Soomra dynasty is mentioned as of a
Rajput lineage. Some of them were adherents of
Isma'ilism — Arab travelers held them to be
Qarmatians, and correspondence with the Fatimid caliph,
Al-Mustansir Billah has been located. == List of Soomro rulers ==