The
Mongol invasion of Asia forced
Oghuz Turks to migrate into
Anatolia and
Levant in great numbers. A Turkish tribe from Yüreğir in
Transoxiana settled in the northern regions of
Mamluk Sultanate, from
Antioch to
Gaza with the approval of the Sultan. They were known in the Middle East as
Türkmens or
Yüreğirli (en:from Yüreğir) The
Ilkhanate fell into disarray after the death of
Abu Sa'id, thus could not support Armenian Kingdom in guarding Cilicia. In addition, internal conflicts within the Armenian Kingdom made Türkmens turn their eyes to unstable Cilicia, and in 1352, Ramazan Beg led Turkmens to settle south of Çaldağı and founded their first settlement,
Camili. Later that year, Ramazan Beg visited
Cairo and was assented by the Sultan to establish the new frontier
Turkmen Emirate in Cilicia. Yüreğir Türkmens lived as a small community for 7 years in southeast of Adana, and named their new land,
Yüreğir. In 1359, Mamluk Sultanate Army marched into Cilicia and took over Adana and
Tarsus, two major cities of the plain, leaving few castles to the Armenians. In 1375, the Mamluks gained control of the remaining areas of Cilicia, thus ending three centuries of Armenian rule. The Mamluk Sultanate authorized Ramazan Beg's Türkmen Emirate to administer Cilicia, but took direct control of the towns of: Tarsus,
Ayas,
Sarvandikar,
Sis at the four corners of Cilicia plain and appointed an
Amir and a Garrison for each. Tarsus, the former capital of
Cilicia, were settled by the
moors that arrived from Egypt. The Türkmen Emirate which began to be known as the Ramadanids set the city of Adana as their center of power, and many Türkmen families of Yüreğir origin moved to the city. After the death of Ramazan Bey, his son Ibrahim Bey made an alliance with the
Karaman Emirate. Alaeddin Bey and Ibrahim Bey together tried to remove the Mameluks' control in the province. After this
alliance a great Mameluk army moved in and began to plunder but Ibrahim Bey's army achieved a great victory against the Mameluks in Belen. Also in this battle Temur Bey, the general of the Mameluks, had been captured. Yilboga, the amir of Aleppo moved on to the Turkmens after this defeat and he conquered Misis Castle. The Ramadanids played an important role in 15th century
Ottoman-
Mamluk relations, being a
buffer state located in the Mamluk ''
al-'Awasim'' frontier zone. In 1516,
Selim I incorporated the beylik into the Ottoman Empire after his
conquest of the Mamluk state. The
beys of Ramadanids held the administration of the Ottoman
sanjak of
Adana in a hereditary manner until 1608, with the last 92 years as a vassal of the Ottomans. == Architecture ==