Jayaraman received her first academic appointment as an assistant professor in the department of chemistry at
Marquette University in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1997. Since 2002, she has worked at the
McGovern Medical School (UTHealth) in
Houston, Texas. During her time at UTHealth, Jayaraman has held positions as an assistant (2002–2006) and associate professor (2006–2007) in the department of integrative biology. From 2007 to 2012, Jayaraman was an associate professor in the department of biochemistry and molecular biology. As of 2012, she holds the title of professor in that same department. ==Research==