Rathore dynasty

This article discusses the "Kanaujiya" Rathores of Marwar and lineages, thereof; Norman Ziegler had noted of 12 other similar branches ("shakhas") of Rathores — Sur, Shir, Kapaliya, Kherada, Abhepura, Jevamt, Vagula, Karaha, Parakra, Ahrao, Jalkheda, and Camdel. Scholarship about those branches are scarce to non-existent. == Origins ==

Rashtrakuta origin A section of some historians argue for a Rashtrakuta origin. Branches of Rashtrakutas had migrated to Western Rajasthan as early as the late tenth century. Multiple inscriptions of Rathauras have been located in and around Marwar dating from the tenth to thirteenth century, indicating that the Rathores may have emerged from one of the Rashtrakuta branches. British indologist V. A. Smith theorized that the Rathores and Bundelas are an offshoot of the Gahadavala dynasty. Roma Niyogi considers this claim to be of a later origin. Accuracy These bardic claims of descent have been since deemed to be largely ahistorical by Ziegler. Ziegler notes the theme of migrations to be common across Rajput genealogies; a construct, borrowed from literary canon of other regions. Later genealogies of Rathores went as far as to derive origin from Gods of the Hindu pantheon — Indra, Narayana et al. == History ==

Early history The first Rathore chieftain was Rao Siha Setramot, grandson of the last Gahadavala king Jayachandra. The Bithoor inscription provides the date of Siha's death in 1273 CE and calls him the son of Set Kunwar; however, it does not claim any Gaharwal origin. Under Asthan's regime, and that of his successor-rulers, the Rathore territories significantly expanded courtesy confrontations and diplomatic negotiations with other pastoral groups; the primary base shifted multiple times. Mandore thus became the new capital of the Rathore clan, c. 1400. Among his sons, Rao Bika found a new state in Bikaner in 1465; he and his successors would go on to expand territories therefrom, adopting similar tactics. Rao Maldeo's regime (1532-1562) harbored another significant shift from clannish rule to monarchy; Malde forced his distant relatives, who conquered new territories, to submit to him or else be deprived of gains. Also, by this time, the nomadic memories were better suppressed and the Rathores had themselves rebranded as the elite "protectors" of local cattle-rearers; in a couple of centuries, figures from early Rathore polity would be deified. During Aurangzeb's reign major rebellions would break out resulting in a 30 year war between the Mughals and the Rathores. The rebellion would continue until Bahadur Shah I's reign. Durgadas Rathore played an instrumental role in protecting the Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur during this war. British period The Rathore ruler of Jodhpur, Man Singh, initially refused to form treaties with the British. However in 1805-1806 he approached the British for military advice and paid the British to protect his state against the predatory actions of the Marathas and Pindaris. By 1816 the British changed this treaty and expelled all foreign influence in Jodhpur, they also started arbitrating in state matters. By 1818 the alliance was cemented and in 1832 the Rajputana agency was formed. Man Singh was finally caught with evidence, when his spy Dhumdas was arrested by the British. Man Singh was using ascetics as spies and messengers. The letters proved that Man Singh was part of an "anti-British cabal" which included Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Punjab, Dost Muhammad, King of Afghanistan and the Russians. In September 1839 the British sent an army and captured Jodhpur. Man Singh chose to relinquish his throne and became an ascetic to avoid war. The exiled maharaja of Jodhpur died on 5 September 1843 due to poor health. The 1857 rebellion sparked uprisings amongst several Rajput chieftains of the Rathore clan in Jodhpur State. Prominent amongst them was Kushal Singh of Auwa. After several failed attempts by the British, the rebellion was quelled by the British army under the command of Brigadier Holmes. During the 20th century the lower castes in India tried to uplift their social standing by adopting surnames of other castes. The Rajput clan name "Rathore" was adopted as a surname by the Teli community in 1931, who started calling themselves Vaishyas Rathore for caste upliftment. During the same period of British Raj, the Banjaras began styling themselves as Chauhan and Rathor Rajputs. ==Princely states==

Gun-salute states The various cadet branches of the Rathore clan gradually spread to encompass all of Marwar and later founded states in Central India and Gujarat. The Marwar Royal family is considered the head house of Rathores. At the time of India's independence in 1947, nine states were considered important enough to receive gun salutes and had a total area of 60,000 sq. miles, which was merged to India. • Jodhpur State (Marwar) in present-day Rajasthan, founded in 1226 by Rao Siha. • Bikaner State in present-day Rajasthan, founded in 1465 by Rao Bika (son of Rao Jodha). • Kishangarh State in present-day Rajasthan, founded in 1611 by Maharaja Kishan Singh. • Ratlam State in present-day Madhya Pradesh, founded in 1651 by Maharaja Ratan Singh. • Jhabua State in present-day Madhya Pradesh, founded in 1584 by Raja Keshav Das. • Sitamau State in present-day Madhya Pradesh, founded 1701 by Raja Kesho Das. • Sailana State in present-day Madhya Pradesh, founded in 1730 by Raja Jai Singh. • Alirajpur State in present-day Madhya Pradesh, founded in 1437 by Raja Anand Deo. • Idar State in present-day Gujarat, founded in 1257 by Rao Sonag, reconquered in 1729 by Rao Anand Singh. Non-salute states Non-salute States who claimed Rathore ancestry included: • Jobat State in present-day Madhya Pradesh, founded in 1437 by Raja Anand Deo. • Jubbal State in present-day Himachal Pradesh founded in by the 12th century by Rana Karam Chand • Malpur State in present-day Gujarat , founded in 1466, • Vijaynagar (Pol) State in present-day Gujarat, founded in 1577 • Valasana State in present-day Gujarat • Saraikela State in present-day Jharkhand, founded in 1620 by Raja Bikram Singh. • Kharsawan State in present-day Jharkhand, founded in 1650 == Rulers ==

Main Branch in Marwar Rulers: 1226–1438 (From Pali and Mandore) Rulers: 1438–1949 (From Jodhpur) Bikaner Branch • 1465 – 1504: Rao Bika • 1504 – 1505: Rao Nar Singh • 1505 – 1526: Rao Lunkaran • 1526 – 1542: Rao Jait Singh • 1542 – 1571: Rao Kalyan Mal • 1571 – 1612: Rao / Raja Rai Singh • 1612 – 1613: Raja Dalpat • 1613 – 1631: Raja Sur Singh • 1631 – 1667: Raja Karan Singh • 1667 – 1669: Interregnum • 1669 – 1698 Maharaja Anup Singh • 19 Jun 1698 – 15 December 1700: Maharaja Swarup Singh (b. 1689 – d. 1700) • 15 Dec 1700 – 16 December 1735: Maharaja Sujan Singh (b. 1690 – d. 1735) • 16 Dec 1735 – 15 May 1746: Maharaja Zorawar Singh (b. 1713 – d. 1746) • 15 May 1746 – 25 March 1787: Maharaja Gaj Singh (b. 1723 – d. 1787) • 25 Mar 1787 – 25 April 1787: Maharaja Raj Singh (b. 1744 – d. 1787) • 25 Apr 1787 – 9 October 1787: Maharaja Pratap Singh (b. 1781 – d. 1787) • 25 Apr 1787 – 25 March 1828: Maharaja Surat Singh (Regent to 9 October 1787) (b. 1766 – d. 1828) • 25 Mar 1828 – 7 August 1851: Maharajadhiraj Shri Narendra Shiromani Maharaja Ratan Singh (b. 1790 – d. 1851) • 7 August 1851 – 16 May 1872: Maharajadhiraj Shri Narendra Shiromani Maharaja Sardar Singh (b. 1818 – d. 1872) • 16 May 1872 – 19 August 1887: HH Shri Maharajadhiraj Narendra Shiromani Maharaja Sir Dungar Singh (b. 1854 – d. 1887) • 19 Aug 1887 – 2 February 1943: HH Shri Maharajadhiraj Narendra Shiromani Maharaja Sir Ganga Singh Bahadur (b. 1880 – d. 1943) (from 24 July 1901, Sir Ganga Singh) • 19 Aug 1887 – 16 December 1898: the British Political Agents-Regent • 2 February 1943 – 15 August 1950: HH Shri Maharajadhiraj Narendra Shiromani Maharaja Sir Sadul Singh (b. 1902 – d. 1950) (since 1 January 1946, he was addressed as Sir Sadul Singh) Kishangarh Branch • 1611 – 1615: Raja Kishan Singh • 1615 – 1618: Raja Sahas Mal • 1617 – 1629: Raja Jag Mal • 1629 – 1643: Raja Hari Singh • 1643 – 1658: Raja Roop Singh • Jun 1658 – Oct 1706: Raja Man Singh (b. 1655 – d. 1706) • Oct 1706 – Apr 1748: Raja Raj Singh (b. 1674 – d. 1748) • 1748 – 1781: Raja Bahadur Singh (d. 1781) • 1748 – 21 August 1765: Raja Sawant Singh (b. 1699 – d. 1765) (in opposition to 1756; from 1756 raja of Roopnagar) • 21 August 1765 – 16 May 1768: Raja Sardar Singh (b. 1730 – d. 1768) (Raja of Roopnagar; regent for Raja Sawant Singh 1756–65) • 1781 – 22 Nov 1788: Raja Birad Singh (b. 1737 – d. 1788) • 22 November 1788 – 5 March 1798: Raja Pratap Singh (b. 1763 – d. 1798) • 5 March 1798 – 22 May 1839: Maharaja Kalyan Singh (b. 1794 – d. 1839) • 22 May 1839 – 31 August 1841: Maharaja Mohkam Singh (b. 1817 – d. 1841) • 31 August 1841 – 25 December 1879: HH Umda-e-Raja-e-Buland Makan Diwan Maharaja Shri Prithvi Singh Bahadur (b. 1838 – d. 1879) • 25 December 1879 – 18 August 1900: HH Umda-e-Raja-e-Buland Makan Diwan Maharaja Shri Sir Sadul Singh Bahadur (b. 1857 – d. 1900) (from 1 January 1892, Sir Sardul Singh) • 18 August 1900 – 25 September 1926: Lieutenant-Colonel HH Umda-e-Raja-e-Buland Makan Diwan Maharaja Shri Sir Madan Singh Bahadur (b. 1884 – d. 1926) (from 1 January 1909, Sir Madan Singh) • 25 September 1926 – 3 February 1939: HH Umda-e-Raja-e-Buland Makan Diwan Maharaja Shri Yagya Narayan Singh Bahadur (b. 1896 – d. 1939) • 3 February 1939 – 15 August 1947: HH Umda-e-Raja-e-Buland Makan Diwan Maharaja Shri Sumer Singh Bahadur (b. 1929 – d. 1971) Ratlam Branch and Ratlam Jhabua Branch Sitamau Branch • 1701 – 1748 Raja Keshav Das • 1748 – 1752 Raja Gaj Singh • 1752 – 1802 Raja Fateh Singh • 1802 – 1867 Raja Raj Singh (d. 1867), • 1867 – 28 May 1885 Raja Bhawani Singh (b. 1836 – d. 1885) • 8 Dec 1885 – 1899 Raja Bahadur Singh • 1899 – 9 May 1900 Raja Shardul Singh • 11 May 1900 – 15 August 1947 HH Raja Ram Singh (b. 1880 – d. 1967) (from 11 December 1911, Sir Raja Ram Singh ) Sailana Branch Alirajpur Branch • 1437–1440: Anand Deo (d. 1440) • 1440–....: Pratap Deo • .... - .... Chanchal Deo • .... - .... Gugal Deo • .... - .... Bachchharaj Deo • .... - .... Dip Deo • .... - .... Pahad Deo I • .... - .... Udai Deo • .... - 1765 Pahad Deo II (d. 1765) • 1765 - 1818 Pratap Singh I (d. 1818) • 1818 Musafir Makrani • 1818 - 17 Mar 1862 Jashwant Singh (usurper) (b. 1818 - d. 1862) • 1818 - 1839 Musafir Makrani -Manager • 1862 - 1869 Ganga Deo (b. c.1845 - d. 1871) • 1871 - 29 Oct 1881 Rup Deo (b. 1847 - d. 1881) • 1869 - 1873 Muhammad Najaf Khan -Superintendent • Shamsuddin Makrani Superintendent of Police alirajpur State • 1881 - 16 Aug 1890 Bijai Singh (b. 1881 - d. 1890) • 16 Aug 1890 – 14 Feb 1891 Interregnum • 14 Feb 1891 - 1911 Pratap Singh II (b. 1881 - d. af. 1950) (installed Mar 1892) • 1911 - 1941 Pratap Singh II (s.a.) (from 3 Jun 1933, Sir Pratap Singh II)(personal style of Maharaja from 1941) • 1941 - 23 Oct 1941 Fateh Singh (b. 1904 - d. 1941) • 23 Oct 1941 – 15 Aug 1947 Surendra Singh (b. 1923 - d. 1996) • 23 Oct 1941 – 15 Aug 1947 Sir Pratap Singh -Regent (s.a.) Saraikela Branch and Kharsawan • 1620 – 1677 Bikram Singh I • 1677 – 1728 Nru Singh • 1728 – 1743 Satrughan Singh • 1743 – 1818 Abhiram Singh • 1818 – 1823 Bikram Singh II • 1823 – 1837 Ajamber Singh • 1837 – 1883 Chakradhar Singh • 25 Nov 1883 – Nov 1884 Udit Narayan Singh (b. 1849 – d. 1931) • Nov 1884 – 9 December 1931 Udit Narayan Singh (s.a.) • 9 December 1931 – 15 August 1947 Aditya Pratap Singh (b. 1887 – d. 1969) Kharsawan Branch • 1857 – 1863 Gangaram Singh Deo (b. 1836 – d. 18..) (personal style Raja from 1860) • 1863 – 18.. Ram Narain Singh • 18.. – 2 March 1884 Raghunath Singh Deo (b. 1841 – d. 1884) • 2 March 1884 – 6 February 1902 Mahendra Narayan Singh Deo (b. 1869 – d. 19..) • 6 February 1902 – 1917 Siram Chandra Singh Deo (b. 1892 – d. 19..) Jubbal Branch , Jubbal in dark green • .... - 1803 : Purana Chandra • 1815 - 1832 : Purana Chandra (return to power) • 1840 : Purana Chandra (3rd time) • 1840 - 1877 : Rubin Kazan Chandra • 1877 - 1898 : Padma Chandra (b. ... - d. 1898) • 1898 - 29 Apr 1910 : Gyan Chandra (b. ... - d. 1910) Vijaynagar (Pol) Branch • .... – 1720 Chandrasinhji (d. 1720) • 1720 – 1728 Kesarisinhji • 1728 – .... Kasansinhji • .... – .... Makansinhji • .... – .... Hathisinhji • .... – .... Madhavsinhji • .... – .... Ajabsinhji • .... – .... Bhupatsinhji I • .... – .... Bhavansinhji • .... – .... Surajsinhji • .... – .... Vajesinhji • .... – .... Ratansinhji • .... – .... Abheysinhji • .... – .... Kiratsinhji • .... – .... Laxmansinhji • .... – .... Bharatsinhji • .... – .... Amarsinhji • .... – 1852 Anandsinhji • 1852 – 1859 Pahadsinhji Gulabsinhji (b. 1839 – d. 1859) • 1859 – 1864 Navalsinhji (d. 1864) • 23 Nov 1864 – 24 October 1889 Hamirsinhji I Gulabsinhji (b. 1840 – d. 1889) • 24 Oct 1889 – 1905 Prithisinhji Hamirsinhji (b. 1872 – d. 1905) • Feb 1906 – 1913 Bhupatsinhji II Hamirsinhji (b. 1885 – d. 1913) • 1913 – 17 November 1914 Mohabatsinhji Bhupatsinhji (b. 1883 – d. 1914) • 17 Nov 1914 – 1947 Hamirsinhji II Hindupatsinhji (b. 1902/4 – d. 1986) • 17 Nov 1914 – 1924 .... -Regent Jobat Branch • Rana Bahhram Dev • Rana Keshavdas Dev • Rana Loonkaran Dev • 1864 – 1874 Ranjit Singh • 1874 – 1897 Sarup Singh • 1897 – Mar 1916 Indrajit Singh • 18 Jun 1917 – 15 Aug 1947 Bhim Singh (b. 1915) Valasna State • 1812 - .... Nathu Singh • c.1880 Man Singh (b. 1850 - d. ....) • .... - 1926 Hamir Singh (b. 1881 - d. 1926) • 1926 - 1947 Shiv Singh (b. 1910). • Thakore Sahib Shri Badrinarayansinh • Kunwar Sahib Shri Satyanarayansinh Rathore Malpur State • 1780–1796 Indrasinhji • 1796 Jamalsinhji (d. 1796) • 1796–1816 Takhtsinhji Jamalsinhji • 1816 –1822 Shivsinhji I • 1822–1843 .... -Manager • 1843–18.. Dipsinhji I (b. 1822 – d. 18..) • 1875–1882 Shivsinhji II Khumansinhji (1841–1882) • 12 Apr 1882 – 1914 Dipsinhji II (1863–1914) • 1914–1923 Jaswatsinhji Dipsinhji (1886–1923) • 23 Jun 1923 – 1947 Gambhirsinhji Himmatsinhji (1914–1969) • 23 Jun 1923 – 1935 .... -Manager • 11 May 1969 Gambhirsinhji Himmatsinhji (died) • Present Chief of the Ruling Family and Maha Raolji – Saheb Shri Krishnasinhji (b. 1954) Idar State == Subclans ==

The Rathore dynasty has several notable subclans, which are branches or offshoots of the main lineage. These subclans were typically formed by prominent members of the dynasty, often as a result of territorial expansion or the establishment of new kingdoms. Some of the most recognised subclans are as follows: Jodha, Vadhel, Jaitawat, Kumpawat, Champawat, Mertiya, Bikawat, Udawat & Karamsot,Raikwar are some of the branches or subclans of Rathore Rajputs. == Gallery of Rulers ==

Marwar File:H0900-L185162829.jpg|Maldeo Rathore File:Rao Chandrasen.jpg|Chandrasen Rathore File:Raja Udai Singh of Jodhpur (1538-1595).jpg|Udai Singh File:Maharaja Jaswant Singh in old age.jpg|Jaswant Singh I File:Durga Das before Maharaja Ajit Singh of Marwar.jpg|Ajit Singh File:A portrait of Maharaja Abhai Singh of Jodhpur.jpg|Abhai Singh File:13 Maharaja Man Singh of Jodhpur 1820-40 Jodhpur SF.jpg|Man Singh File:Jaswant Singh II of Jodhpur State.jpg|Jaswant Singh II File:Maharaja Umaid Singh of Jodhpur.JPG|Umaid Singh File:Hanwant Singh.jpg|Hanwant Singh File:Maharaja Gaj Singh.jpg|Gaj Singh (current head) Bikaner File:Unknown artist - Portrait of Maharaja Rai Singh of Bikaner (reigned 1574–1612) - 2021.11 - Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg|Rai Singh File:Scuola di bikaner, il maharaja anup singh, 1852.jpg|Anup Singh File:Raja Gaj Singh of Bikaner (6125068062).jpg|Gaj Singh File:A portrait of Maharaja Ram Singh of Marwar.jpg|Surat Singh File:Lt Gen Ganga Singh, Maharaja of Bikaner.jpg|Ganga Singh File:Youngkarnisingh-Bikaner.jpg|Karni Singh Kishangarh File:Maharaja Kalyan Singh (Reigned 1798-1838) LACMA M.85.36.jpg|Kalyan Singh File:Madan Singh.jpg|Madan Singh Ratlam File:Ratan Singh of Ratlam.jpg|Ratan Singh File:SAVE 20200519 153205.jpg|Sajjan Singh Jhabua File:Dayal, Raja Lala Deen - Prinz (2) (Zeno Fotografie).jpg|Gopal Singh File:Udai Singh.png|Udai Singh File:Dilip Singh.png|Dileep Singh Sailana File:Jaswant Singh II, the Raja of Sailana.jpg|Jaswant Singh II Idar File:Pratap Singh of Idar (1845–1922) in uniform in 1899.png|Pratap Singh Saraikela File:1903 Raja of Saraikela state.png|Udit Narayan Singh == Beenkar Family ==

The beenkar family, an offshoot of the Rathore dynasty of Kishangarh, was founded by Naubat Khan, a Rudra veena player in the court of Akbar. Members of the family were important Hindustani musicians in the courts of Mughal Emperors. Members • Naubat Khan • Lal Khan Gunsamundra • Khushal Khan Gunsamundra • Bisram Khan • Bhupat Khan • Sadarang • Adarang • Sidhar Khan • Omrao Khan • Ameer Khan • Wazir Khan • Dabir Khan File:Naubat Khan.jpg|Naubat Khan File:Mughal.jpg|Lal Khan and Khushal Khan Gunsamundra File:Sadarang,Descendant of Naubat Khan.jpg|Sadarang File:Descendant of Naubat Khan Chief Musician of Hamid Ali Khan of Rampur's court.jpg|Wazir Khan File:Dabir Khan sahab.jpg|Dabir Khan == Forts and Palaces ==

File:Entry to Jodhpur Fort.JPG|Mehrangarh File:20191212 Junagarh Fort, Bikaner, India 1510 8180.jpg|Junagarh Fort File:Roopangarh Fort.JPG|Roopangarh Fort File:20191210 Umaid Bhawan Palace, Jodhpur, 1326 7977.jpg|Umaid Bhawan Palace File:Lalgarh palace bikaner2.jpg|Lalgarh Palace File:Jubbal Palace.jpg|Jubbal Palace == Flags ==